Maarten J.J. Menken, «Striking the Shepherd. Early Christian Versions and Interpretations of Zechariah 13,7», Vol. 92 (2011) 39-59
This paper traces the development of the textual form and the interpretation of Zech 13,7 in the earliest known Christian texts in which this OT passage is quoted or alluded to (Mark 14,27; Matt 26,31; John 16,32; Barn. 5,12; Justin, Dial. 53,5-6). It starts with some observations on the Hebrew text and on some of the ancient versions, notably the LXX, which offers a peculiar rendering. Next, the early Christian versions and interpretations are discussed, and their relations are detected. Obscure apocalyptic texts often generate multiple meanings. Zech 13,7 proves to be no exception.
57
STRIKING SHEPHERD
THE
agrees with the LXX. This evidently concerns romfa¥a for
Ω ı
brj (maxaira, which Aquila and Symmachus have here,
Â¥
and which also occurs as a translation of brj in Zech 11,17
LXX, would do just as well). To a lesser extent, it also con-
cerns ejege¥rein for rw[, and anhr for rbg.
ß ı ߥ
B. On several points, Justin’s quotation renders the Hebrew
better than the LXX did. In the first and fourth line of the
quotation, we find the singular ton poimena instead of the
ù ¥
plural toyv poimenav. Further, there is, again in the fourth
ù ¥
line, the singular patajon instead of the plural patajate.
¥ ¥
In the final line diaskorpisuhsontai is a good translation
Â¥
of –yxwpt, “they will be scatteredâ€, whereas the LXX’s ek-ß
spasate is not.
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So the LXX must have constituted the reviser’s starting point, and
he corrected it to make a better agreement with the Hebrew text.
In two details the quotation deviates from both the Hebrew text
and the LXX. Toy laoy moy, “of my peopleâ€, in the second line
˜ ˜
presupposes ym[ instead of ytym[ (as do the translations of Aquila
and Symmachus); it may reflect a different Hebrew text, or be the re-
sult of an effort of the reviser to circumvent the rare Hebrew word
tym[. Ta probata aytoy, “his sheepâ€, in the fifth line might pre-
ù ¥ ߘ
suppose wnax instead of –axh, but it is probably no more than a sim-
ple elucidation of the text by the reviser: “the sheep†are the shep-
herd’s own sheep. Both details are consistent with the usual work
of a reviser. In one instance, the reviser has preferred an alternative
correct rendering of the Hebrew: he has translated twabx hwhy, “the
Lord of hostsâ€, not by kyriov pantokratwr but by kyriov twn
¥ ¥ ¥ ˜
dynamewn. This suggests that the revision belongs to the kaige-
Â¥
group 48. The revision does not show Christian interpretation: the
imperative patajon, “strikeâ€, addressed by God to the sword, is
Â¥
maintained and not replaced by patajw, “I will strikeâ€.
Â¥
Justin first makes use of a Christian source which contains a
succinct but clear reference to Zech 13,7, and then he quotes from
a running text, which appears to be a revised LXX, more specifi-
cally a member of the kaige-group. All this is completely
See D. BARTHÉLEMY, Les devanciers d’Aquila. Première publication in-
48
tégrale du texte des fragments du Dodécaprophéton trouvés dans le désert de
Juda (VTS 10 ; Leiden 1963) 82-83.