Mark Reasoner, «The Redemptive Inversions of Jeremiah in Romans 9–11», Vol. 95 (2014) 388-404
This article presents seven points of focused dissonance between Jeremiah and Romans, by identifying how Romans 9–11 inverts the judgment language of Jeremiah 1–20 against Judah. Without claiming that the inversions in Romans 9–11 are intentional, the article argues that the inversions of this section of Jeremiah are similar to the inversions that Deutero-Isaiah performs on this same section of Jeremiah, identified by B. Sommer. The inversions of Jeremiah that occur in Romans 9–11 highlight these chapters' positive stance toward corporeal, ethnic Israel, and provide another argument against interpreting 'all Israel' in Rom 11,26 as the church.
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402 MARK REASONER
some “reversals” or redemptive inversions from the first third of
the book of Jeremiah that are similar to some “reversals” found in
Deutero-Isaiah. Now in Romans 11,27 we see a reprediction of the
new covenant in a way analogous to Deutero-Isaiah’s edited repre-
dictions. The new covenant language of Jeremiah surfaces along-
side a redeemer passage from Isaiah that is inverted to say that the
redeemer comes out of Zion, a change that Sommer might call “his-
torical recontextualization” and that Wagner calls “a fundamental
interpretive shift” couching Isa 59,20 in a Diaspora perspective 44.
All this is simply to offer evidence for my point that the text of Ro-
mans 9–11 makes use of Jeremiah in ways very similar to how
Deutero-Isaiah uses Jeremiah. Though there are no verbatim quo-
tations of Jeremiah until Rom 11,27, these chapters in Romans re-
configure the largely negative portrait of Israel in Jeremiah 1–20.
The allusive, redemptive inversions give way to a positive repre-
diction when Paul finally does quote from a more positive section
of Jeremiah in Romans 11,27.
In light of the quotation from LXX Jer 38,33a (MT Jer 31,33a)
in Romans 11,27a one might be able to claim that the inversions of
material from Jeremiah 1–20 are simply following the inversions
Jeremiah himself offers in his hopeful scroll, centered on MT chap-
ters 30–33 (LXX chapters 37–40), but actually comprising MT
chapters 26–36 (LXX chapters 33–43) 45. This is a scroll of hopeful
words that Jeremiah is told to write (MT Jer 30,1-3; LXX Jer 37,1-3).
The reversal, the dissonance in intratextuality within Jeremiah, is
due to God. Jeremiah is dismayed by the shift of YHWH’s will from
definite judgment to a hopeful future (MT Jer 32,24-25; LXX Jer
39,24-25) 46. In personal correspondence, Holladay comments on
this shift: “It is fascinating that in all this there is no trace of Jer-
emiah’s saying ‘I misunderstood God in all those years in which I
set forth his judgment,’ nor of accusing God of deceiving him with
44
SOMMER, A Prophet Reads Scripture, 52-54; WAGNER, Heralds of the
Good News, 284.
45
This suggestion was made to me by T.D. Still on November 24, 2002.
W.L. HOLLADAY guided me to follow this suggestion further in a letter of
March 2, 2004.
46
HOLLADAY, Jeremiah 2, 22-23 (dates the hopeful scroll to 597 and suggests
that Baruch wrote chapters 26 and 36 to bracket the scroll) 206-212, 220
(gives exegesis of sections of the hopeful scroll that contain the reversal that
YHWH is showing towards the Judean people).