Gregory T.K. Wong, «Psalm 73 as Ring Composition.», Vol. 97 (2016) 16-40
This article seeks to analyse the structure of Psalm 73 as a ring composition based on characteristics identified by Mary Douglas. With special attention paid to key structural markers used throughout the psalm, it will be argued that Psalm 73 is an elegant and almost perfect ring, with the introductory and concluding sections merging into each other and closely interconnected with a middle turning point. The rest of the psalm is arranged chiastically with matching parallel sections on either side of the turning point.
38 GreGOrY T.K. WOnG
are placed exactly where they are, in spite of the assertions by some
that these verses are logically misplaced and should be moved to a
different position 65.
To provide further proof that the imaginary line that joins v. 13 and
vv. 21-22 indeed functions as a secondary horizontal axis, it should be
noted that, in line with how an axis normally functions, material on
the same side of this axis indeed seems to share similarities, while ma-
terial on the opposite side of the axis seems to show contrasts.
First, it is important to consider the material found on opposite
sides of this axis. At one end of the axis in v. 13, the prosperity of the
wicked in vv. 4-12 is contrasted with the affliction of the psalmist in
vv. 14-15, both contributing to the psalmist’s regret expressed in the
hinge verse that represents that end of the axis. A key term that high-
lights the contrast in these sections is [gn (“to afflict”) in v. 5 and v. 14,
which is passive in both cases (Pual in v. 5 and qal passive in v. 14).
Thus, while in v. 5 the wicked are portrayed as not being afflicted like
the rest of humanity, the psalmist, in contrast, is depicted as being
afflicted all day (v. 14). As this contrast seems to lie at the heart of the
psalmist’s struggle, the recurrence of [gn appears to play a significant
role in explaining why the psalmist initially regretted his righteous
living.
At the other end of the axis in vv. 21-22, the imminent destruction
of the wicked (vv. 18-20) is contrasted with the fellowship with God
that the psalmist continually enjoys (vv. 23-26). here, although no
repetition of key term is found that highlights the contrast, a word-play
involving the homonymous roots qlx (“slippery ground”) in v. 18 and
qlx (“portion”) in v. 26 may prove significant 66. After all, the contrast
between the wicked, who have been placed on slippery grounds, and
the psalmist, who has God as his portion, seems, indeed, to lie at
65
While GunKeL, Die Psalmen, 311, 314, 319, suggests moving v. 21 to after
v. 15 and v. 22 to after v. 16, BAuMAnn, “struktur- untersuchungen”, 128-129,
and BLAnK, “nearness of God”, 70, suggest moving vv. 21-22 as a unit to between
v. 15 and v. 16.
66
This is first mentioned by ALLen, “Psalm 73”, 106, and subsequently by
BrueGGeMAnn, Message of the Psalms, 120; AuFFreT, “Étude structurelle” 259;
COLe, Shape and Message, 25. note that DAhOOD, Psalms II, 192, “hebrew-
ugaritic Lexicography II”, Bib 45 (1964) 392-412, here 408, argues from ugaritic
that qlx actually means “to perish”, and hence, the related noun in v. 18 means
“perdition” rather than “slippery slopes”. This does not affect our analysis, how-
ever, as it works equally well if the contrast is between the wicked destined
for perdition and the psalmist having God as his portion.