Olegs Andrejevs, «Reexamining Q2: Son of God Christology in Q’s Redactional Layer.», Vol. 97 (2016) 62-78
This essay analyzes three important Christological texts in the reconstructed synoptic sayings source Q: 4,1-13 (the temptation legend), 6,20b-49 (the Q sermon) and 10,21-22 (the thanksgiving of Jesus). According to the current consensus in Q studies, these texts belong to three different compositional strata and reflect different theological concerns. I coordinate them in the document’s redactional layer (Q2), demonstrating their compatibility on literary-critical and traditionhistorical grounds. My hypothesis is that these texts provide the necessary Christological framework for Q2’s depiction of Jesus as the messianic Son of Man and Lord by stressing his identity as God’s unique Son.
64 oLeGS ANdreJeVS
Q’s value to New Testament studies indeed has much to do with
the use of several prominent Christological titles by the document’s
authors. Among those titles, o` ui`o.j tou/ avnqrw,pou and its correlative
o` evrco,menoj have received much attention in contemporary New Testa-
ment scholarship. In this essay I focus on two other designations of
Jesus in Q: o` ui`o,j (tou/ qeou/) and ku,rioj. The former title can be re-
constructed with certainty only in the thanksgiving of Jesus (Q 10,21-
22, o` ui`o,j) and in the temptation story (Q 4,1-13, o` ui`o.j tou/ qeou/),
two textual units that have proven difficult to stratify with respect to
Q’s compositional layers 6. Meanwhile, the title ku,rioj is employed in
Q not only Christologically but also with reference to yHWH, creating
a certain degree of confusion and leading some scholars to conclude
that when used of Jesus it should be translated only as “master” 7. In
what follows I put forth the case that the titles o` ui`o,j (tou/ qeou/) and
ku,rioj are closely related and form a part of the author’s Christological
apologetic in the wake of the Q group’s failed Galilean mission. To
support this hypothesis I first analyze the two texts describing Jesus
as God’s ui`o,j (10,21-22; 4,1-13), showing that they form a part of the
same compositional layer and Christological framework. After that, I
examine the document’s first and most extensive presentation of Jesus
as ku,rioj (6,20b-49) for compatibility with the above framework.
The ultimate goal of this endeavor will be to attempt to illuminate an
important intermediate stage in the formation of Q’s early Christology.
I. Q 10,21-22 and the Christology of the Q2 Stratum
It is necessary to begin with an assessment of the present consensus
regarding Q’s compositional history, which remains to a considerable
degree based on John S. Kloppenborg’s research. This compositional
theory of Q was first articulated in 1987 in Formation of Q. According
to that theory, Q consisted of three compositional stages. The earliest,
formative stage (designated Q1) was characterized as a compilation of
6
The Q origin of the baptism legend (3,21-22) remains disputed. If reconstructed
as featuring the title ui`oj, (a hypothesis far from certain), it would further strengthen
the case made in this essay. However, owing to the difficult nature of the text’s re-
construction and the high degree of conjecture it involves, I have opted against
engaging the baptism legend. For the reconstruction of Q 3,21-22 with the title
ui`o,j, see roBINSoN – HoFFMANN – KLoppeNBorG, Critical Edition of Q, 18-21.
7
IQp translates ku,rioj as “master” in 6,46; 7,6; 9,59; 12,42-46; 13,25; 14,21;
19,12-26. roBINSoN – HoFFMANN – KLoppeNBorG, Critical Edition of Q, 94, 108,
154, 366-375, 408, 442, 524-555.