Verbs of Transference and their Derivatives of Motion and State... 61 affectedness of the Agent, which is co-referential with the totally affected Theme (termination). The total affectedness of the Agent requires the use of passive forms, which are distinct from middle forms only in the aorist and future tenses. Although the middle and passive usages utilize the same verb forms outside of the aorist and future, they are distinguished by the fact that the co-referential Theme of the passive usages always is omitted (definite and null). Thus, verbs in the passive usages require three arguments but lexically realize only two complements and so are syntactically transitive. The NT presents no verb that appears in both middle and passive usages of transference. Verbs admit to interpretation in the passive usages of transference only when four conditions are met. First, the passive verb does not lexically realize an Agent argument through a ὑπό (by) prepositional phrase or an Instrument (the entity by which an action is performed or something happens) argument through a dative case noun phrase or a prepositional phrase governed by διά (through) or ἐν (by, with). Second, the greater context does not recommend an entity other than the verbal subject as Agent. Third, the subject typically may function as an Agent or, in the context, is granted the attributes of an Agent. Fourth, the Agent and Theme may be interpreted as co-referential. When these conditions are met, verb forms are polysemous in that they admit to interpretation either as the passive voice of the active usages with the Agent left unspecified (by Passivization) or as the passive usages with the co-referential Theme omitted. In the latter case, the omitted Theme must be introduced into the English translation as an object reflexive pronoun: And a large crowd was added to the Lord (Acts 11,24) And a large crowd added itself / themselves to the Lord καὶ προσετέθη ὄχλος ἱκανὸς τῷ κυρίῳ Polysemy is avoided only in a context that does not satisfy all four conditions. Interpretation as the passive voice of the active usage is required either when the verbs lexically realize an alternative Agent or Instrument or the subject typically cannot function as an Agent and the context does not grant it agentive attributes: And you will be handed over even by parents and siblings… (Luke 21,16) παραδοθήσεσθε δὲ καὶ ὑπὸ γονέων καὶ ἀδελφῶν… Thus every tree not making good fruit is cut down and put into fire [by someone] (Matt 3,10) πᾶν οὖν δένδρον μὴ ποιοῦν καρπὸν καλὸν ἐκκόπτεται καὶ εἰς πῦρ βάλλεται.