Paul and Caristanius at Pisidian Antioch 237 benefactions (79). But these benefactions were provided in Ankara (and sometimes in Pessinus) (80), not in Pisidian Antioch. Caristanius’ benefactions would have been less crowd-pleasing than those given at Pisidian Antioch by Calpurnius Longus, whose benefactions included a public feast, eight days of gladiatorial conflicts, and several days of venatio in a specially-constructed wooden amphitheater (81). It is likely, however, that these benefactions were provided sometime after Caristanius’ benefactions, perhaps several decades later (82). It is also likely that Maximianus’ munus, an event which included a two-day gladiatorial show and venatio, occurred sometime after Caristanius’ benefactions (83). While it is currently impossible to name any individual who provided benefactions at Pisidian Antioch earlier than Caristanius did, it is likely that certain magistrates had provided some benefactions in previous years (84). Whether or not Caristanius’ benefactions were more extravagant than these earlier benefactions is an open question. But unlike the benefactions that would have been customarily provided by magistrates and unlike the benefactions cited in the preceding paragraph, Caristanius’ benefactions were provided to fulfill a vow, a vow he had made on behalf of Claudius’ safety and victory. (79) SCHEDE, “Inschriften”, 52-54; SHERK, “Roman Galatia”, 972-975; MITCHELL, Anatolia, I, 107-12. (80) E.g., SCHEDE, “Inschriften”, 53-54. (81) For a recent edition of this inscription, see WITULSKI, Adressaten, 204- 205. (82) While WITULSKI, Adressaten, 204-215, claims that these benefactions were given near the year 50, this conclusion is questionable. W.M. RAMSAY, “Studies in the Roman Province Galatia. VI. Some Inscriptions of Colonia Caesarea Antiochea”, JRS 14 (1924) 178-179, dated these benefactions early in the second century (after admitting he had originally dated them around the year 50), and D.M. ROBINSON, “Notes on Inscriptions from Antioch in Pisidia”, JRS 15 (1925) 254, dated them late in the first century, perhaps during the reign of Domitian. Other scholars have favored dates near the turn of the century. Cf. LEVICK, Roman Colonies, 83, n. 7; P. PILHOFER, Die frühen Christen und ihre Welt. Greifswalder Aufsätze 1996-2001 (Tübingen 2002) 156; MITCHELL – WAELKENS, Pisidian Antioch, 224-225. (83) If Maximianus can be identified with the Titus Flavius Maximianus named in a recently-discovered inscription, as suggested by Campanile, “Un’iscrizione latina”, 213-219, his benefactions cannot be dated earlier than the Flavian era. J.G.C. ANDERSON, “Festivals of Men Askaenos in the Roman Colonia at Antioch of Pisidia”, JRS 3 (1913) 296-297, assumed a second century date. For another reference to venatio at (Pisidian?) Antioch, see Acts of Paul and Thecla 26-38. (84) See ANDERSON, “Festivals”, 297; LEVICK, Roman Colonies, 79-80.