Serge Frolov, «Evil-Merodach and the Deuteronomist: The Sociohistorical
Setting of Dtr in the Light of 2 Kgs 25,27-30», Vol. 88 (2007) 174-190
The article demonstrates that four concluding verses of the Former Prophets (2 Kgs 25,27-30) militate against the recent tendency to view Deuteronomism as a lasting phenomenon, especially against its extension into the late exilic and postexilic periods. Because Evil-Merodach proved an ephemeral and insignificant ruler, the account of Jehoiachin’s release and exaltation under his auspices could be reasonably expected to shore up the notion of an eternal Davidic dynasty only
as long as the Babylonian king remained on the throne (562-560 BCE). Since the dynastic promise to David and associated concepts rank high on Dtr’s agenda, it means that the Former Prophets was not updated along Deuteronomistic lines to
reflect the shift in the audience’s perspective on Evil-Merodach caused by his downfall. If so, there was no Deuteronomistic literary activity in the corpus after
560 BCE.
Evil-Merodach and the Deuteronomist 185
explains why Jehoiachin received new clothes: “And [Evil-Merodach
or Jehoiachin] changed [Jehoiachin’s] prison garments so that all his
life [Jehoiachin] might constantly eat bread before [Evil-
Merodach]â€(32). Construed in such a way, v. 29 would state that Evil-
Merodach wanted to have Jehoiachin at his banquets as long as the
latter lived and thus forcefully demonstrate the Babylonian king’s
preparedness to translate the one-time acts of grace reported in vv. 27-
28 into a permanent arrangement. At the same time, it emphatically
would not claim that this arrangement actually remained in force until
Jehoiachin’s death and certainly not that it survived Evil-Merodach’s
removal from power (33). Since such a comment does not have to
postdate Jehoiachin’s demise, there is nothing in 2 Kgs 25,27-30 to
preclude placing it in Evil-Merodach’s reign.
Even more importantly, the fact that despite the major shift in the
audience’s perspective on 2 Kgs 25,27-30 that must have taken place
in 560 BCE the fragment retained its pride of a place as the epilogue
of the entire Former Prophets suggests that after this date there was no
Deuteronomistic activity in the corpus — and perhaps no
Deuteronomistic activity whatsoever. A Deuteronomist living after
Evil-Merodach’s downfall, and certainly after Cyrus’ takeover, could
be reasonably expected to try to prevent 2 Kgs 25,27-30 from
defeating its original purpose and to that end either compose a sequel
(especially if Jehoiachin retained his lofty throne under Evil-
Merodach’s successors) or delete the fragment altogether and provide
the corpus with a different epilogue. A highly noteworthy implication
of this having failed to happen is that after 560 BCE there was no one
(32) In other words, I read the predicate of v. 29b as an indicator of modality;
on perfect forms with waw as such indicators, see G. HATAV, The Semantics of
Aspect and Modality. Evidence from English and Biblical Hebrew (Studies in
Language Companion Series 34; Amsterdam – Philadelphia 1997) 142-161.
Another possibility is that the verb refers to Jehoiachin’s future presence at Evil-
Merodach’s banquets as guaranteed by the removal of his prison garments. GKC
§ 112x(a) points out that waw-consecutive perfect may be used “to announce
future events… when joined to a statement concerning present or past facts,
especially when these contain the reason for the action etc., expressed in the
perfect consecutive†and cites Gen 20,11; 26,22; Judg 13,3; Isa 6,7; Hos 8,14 as
examples.
(33) Another advantage of this construal is that it prevents v. 30 from
sounding like an almost meaningless variation on v. 29b. If my translation is
correct, the narrator stresses that by inviting Jehoiachin to dine at his table and to
that end issuing him new garments (v. 29) Evil-Merodach went far beyond his
father’s practice of sustaining the captive king (v. 30).