D.W. Kim, «What Shall We Do? The Community Rules of Thomas in the ‘Fifth Gospel’», Vol. 88 (2007) 393-414
This article argues for the diversity of early Christianity in terms of religiocultural communities. Each early Christian group, based on a personal revelation of leadership and the group’s socio-political milieu, maintained its own tradition (oral, written, or both) of Jesus for the continuity and prosperity of the movement. The leaders of early Christianity allowed outsiders to become insiders in the condition where the new comers committed to give up their previous religious attitude and custom and then follow the new community rules. The membership of the Thomasine group is not exceptional in this case. The Logia tradition of P. Oxy. 1, 654.655, and NHC II, 2. 32: 10-51: 28 in the context of community policy will prove the pre-gnostic peculiarity of the creative and independent movement within the Graeco-Roman world.
What Shall We Do? The Community Rules 395
events (Ch. 16) (9). The members of the community were mainly the
convicted Jews, so they continued to keep the Mosaic Law for the
reason that reading the whole Hebrew Canon was not countered to
their relationship with Jesus. This aspect of the positive Jewish
tradition unveils the fact that the Didache-people interpreted the
“Torah of Messiah†in a Christian sight of hope (10). If the above two
groups of Qumran and Didache themselves designed and practised
their own community axiom for the continuity of the religious
societies, the fact that the Thomas Logia of Jesus includes a form of
regulations for its own commitment to the foundation, should not be
denied or ignored.
1. The Family Rules
In this respect, many words of the Thomasine Jesus display the
limitations of the community faith or life. The conditional
terminologies of “peta (whoever)â€, “ÿotan (when)â€, “e... ¯an (if)â€,
“tre (let)†and “¯ante (until)â€, have joined with the standard of the
community rules. Firstly, the relationship between “p•rvme Ó•ÿ¨lo
(the old man)†and “ou•kouei Ó•¯hre ¯hm (a small child)†(11), in a
family concept, is quite similar to the precept of loving “pek•son (your
brother)†(12), although it seems to have a spiritual meaning to the
complier of the text (13). The rule of the brotherhood is repeatedly
emphasised in the following Logion, for example, “When you cast the
beam out of your own eye, then you will see clearly to cast the mote
(9) According to ideological readers, the text can also be divided in various
ways. D. BURKETT, An Introduction to the New Testament and the Origins of
Christianity (Cambridge 2002) 396-403.
(10) The Prayer of the Lord (Did 8,2), false prophets (Did 11,3), correcting
another (Did 15,3), and alms, prayers, and fasting (Did 15,4) are similar to Matt
6,9-13, 7,15; 5,21-22 and 6,1-6. This paper will not explore this area further. See
J.A. DRAPER, “The Jesus Tradition in the Didacheâ€, Gospel Perspectives. The
Jesus Tradition Outside the Gospels (ed. D. WENHAM) (Sheffield 1985) V, 269-
287. W. RORDORF, “Does the Didache Contain Jesus Tradition Independently of
the Synoptic Gospels?â€, Jesus and the Oral Gospel Tradition (ed. H.
WANSBROUGH) (JSNTSS 64; Sheffield 1991) 394-423.
(11) Logion 4.
(12) Logion 25.
(13) This Logion relates the standard of one’s self-consciousness and the
experiential world of those for whom Thomas was proposed. H.-J. KLAUCK, The
Religious Context of Early Christianity. A Guide to Graeco-Roman Religions
(Edinburgh 2000) 112.