478 Csaba Balogh material (5). However, since these solutions were unable to explain all structural complexities most scholars renounced to reconstruct earlier forms of Isa 33 and chose to read it as one literary unit (6), not excluding eventual minor additions or glosses (7). In Gunkel’s view, the shifting voices represent artificial creations of an author who makes use of liturgical patterns (8). In more recent studies, the cause of the irregular construction is rarely dealt with explicitly, but it is apparently inferred that this can be explained within the limits of a complex literary coherence by the fact that Isa 33 is built as a text with frequent intertextual allusions to other parts of the book (9). The scope of this article is twofold. Firstly, it reopens the discussion concerning the literary integrity of Isa 33 suggesting a new diachronic model for the formation of this chapter. Secondly, it examines Isa 33 in comparison to other Isaianic texts, concluding with a brief note on its role in its current location. I. The Coherence of Isaiah 33 Isaiah 33 begins as a ywh-prophecy. The ywh-particle also functions as a literary marker, as a catchword around which the speeches in the collection of Isa 28–33 were formed (10). The extent of this collection is (5) According to VERMEYLEN, Isaïe, I, 430, Isa 33,1-6 is composed of a genuine Isaianic v. 1, expanded in the late pre-exilic period by vv. 3-4, in the post exilic period by vv. 2.5-6a (with vv. 7-12, 17-24a), and even later by v. 6b (with vv. 13-16 and 24b). Vv. 7-16 are regarded as expansions of vv. 1-6 by K. KOENEN, Heil den Gerechten – Unheil den Sündern. Ein Beitrag zur Theologie der Prophetenbücher (BZAW 229; Berlin – New York 1994) 118. In the view of BERGES, Jesaja, 242, vv. 3-4.7-12 form an apocalyptic addition to Isa 33. (6) B. STADE, “Miszellen. Jes. 32. 33.”, ZAW 4 (1884) 254-271; J.J.M. ROBERTS, “Isaiah 33: An Isaianic Elaboration of the Zion Tradition”, The Word of the Lord Shall Go Forth. Essays in Honor of David Noel Freedman in Celebration of His Sixtieth Birthday (eds. C. MEYER – M. O’CONNOR) (Philadelphia, PA 1983) 15-25; KUSTÁR, Krankheit, 84-85. (7) For v. 1, see B. DUHM, Das Buch Jesaia (Göttingen 51968) 240; v. 9: DUHM, Jesaia, 242 (also v. 8a); KUSTÁR, Krankheit, 83; BOSSHARD-NEPUSTIL, Rezeptionen, 184; vv. 21b.23: WILDBERGER, Jesaja, 1312-1313; KUSTÁR, Krankheit, 85; v. 23: DUHM, Jesaia, 247; vv. 23a.24: CLEMENTS, Isaiah, 272. (8) H. GUNKEL, “Jesaja 33, eine prophetische Liturgie”, ZAW 42 (1924) 177- 208. (9) See BEUKEN, “Jesaja 33”, 5-35; BOSSHARD-NEPUSTIL, Rezeptionen, 185- 188; WASCHKE, “Jesaja 33”, 517-532. (10) The six collections are: Isa 28,1-29; 29,1-14; 29,15-24; 30,1-33; 31,1–32,20; 33,1-24. Cf. G. STANSELL, “Isaiah 28-33: Blest Be the Tie that Binds