“He Filled Zion with Justice and Righteousness” 487 in Ps 12,1-6 and Isa 37 (44). The role of v. 6 will be understood only later. Isa 33,13 is a YHWH-speech that some see as one unit with 33,10- 12 (45). Other exegetes question that this formal similarity is sufficient to support literary unity (46). Indeed, the imperative w[mv often signifies the beginning of a new prophecy (cf. Isa 1,2.10; 6,9; 7,13; 36,13; 48,1; 49,1; etc.). Furthermore, the 2nd pers. forms in v. 13 do not refer to the enemy as in vv. 1, 4, or 11, but they have a different audience in view. Regarding the connection between vv. 13-24 and 1-12, one may note that vv. 13-24 make often use of motifs attested in vv. 1-12, suggesting that the two are supposed to be related. At the same time, however, there is a clear shift in the theme of the prophecy from the promise of destroying the enemy, to the description of those going to dwell in the city in the future. At the point of v. 13, the enemy seems to have already been destroyed (cf. ytyc[). Moreover, while motifs and themes from vv. 1-12 reappear later, these motifs are reused in a modified sense, as reinterpretations, underlining their different origin. (a) hlkwa va in v. 14 points back to v. 12. But while fire is there an instrument of judgment, in v. 14 the fire is located in Zion and is identified with YHWH. (b) μymwrm and bgcm in v. 16 clearly allude to v. 5, but while there the exaltation of YHWH emphasises his withdrawal and estrangement from Zion (cf. Isa 6,1; 18,4), in v. 16 YHWH and his people dwell in the same place. In v. 5 μwrm is clearly not Jerusalem (Ps 148,1), but it probably is in v. 16. (c) In v. 15 the twqdx ˚lh may allude to hqdx in v. 5, but in v. 5 it is a divine act. (d) In v. 8 the sinful ancestors rejected the treaty (μyd[ sam), in v. 15 the righteous one will reject (sam) a form of life contrary to the covenant. (e) In v. 4 the identity of the plunderers of the enemy is unclear, in v. 23 these plunderers appear to be Jews. Some take μyqwjr and μybwrq to refer to non-Jews and Jews alike, i.e. all people of the world (47). Others consider μybwrq Jerusalemites and (44) The description of the situation and the prayer are interchanged in Isa 37. Cf. also Ps 60; 85; Jer 14,1-10. The relationship between the prayer in 33,2-3 and the oracle 33,10-12 may also be underlined by μwr in v. 10 and tmmwr in v. 3 (cf., however, 1QIsaa). (45) KAISER, Jesaja, 274; WILDBERGER, Jesaja, 1302; KOENEN, Heil, 119; SWEENEY, Isaiah, 424. (46) VERMEYLEN, Isaïe, I, 432; ROBERTS, “Isaiah 33”, 15; WASCHKE, “Jesaja 33”, 520. (47) KAISER, Jesaja, 274; KUSTÁR, Krankheit, 84.