Simon J. Joseph, ««Seek His Kingdom»: Q 12,22b-31, God’s Providence, and Adamic Wisdom.», Vol. 92 (2011) 392-410
In Q 12,22b-31, a kingdom-saying functions as the climax to a sapiential collection, but it is not self-evident that this message is sapiential. Q 12,31 uses traditional wisdom structures and forms to advance what appears to be an «eschatological» message. In this study, I re-examine the nature of the wisdom in Q 12,22b-31 and argue that the theme of God’s providence can be understood in relation to eschatological ideals of the restoration of creation and a «Son of God»/Adamic christology.
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“SEEK HIS KINGDOMâ€
affirm Jesus as the obedient “Son of Godâ€. Here, again, there is no
mention of his identity as the persecuted, suffering or coming “son
of manâ€. Q 10,22, the “Johannine thunderboltâ€, illustrates the high
authority of Jesus’ “Sonshipâ€. Jesus is the one whom “prophets and
kings†have longed to see (Q 10,23b-24). Jesus is the Son of God who
defies Satan through his obedience to the will and word of God. He en-
joys a uniquely authoritative relationship with the Father and pro-
scribes divorce with an argument based on the renewal of the original
design of creation (Q 16,18; Mark 10,2-9). Jesus’ message of God’s
providence as Father (ἀββά) reverses expectations of “worldly wis-
domâ€. This portrayal of Jesus in Q is complementary to an Adamic
christology 59. According to Genesis 3,17-21, God told Adam:
Cursed is the ground because of you; in toil you shall eat of it all the
days of your life;
thorns and thistles it shall bring forth for you; and you shall eat the
plants of the field.
By the sweat of your face you shall eat bread until you return to the
ground,
for out of it you were taken; you are dust, and to dust you shall return.
Jesus’ promise of God’s providence in Q 12,22b-31 seems to con-
tradict the biblical narrative: where Genesis explicitly describes God’s
displeasure with Adam and his decision that humanity will labor for
their food, Jesus’ message of divine providence reverses the labor,
“sweat†and toil and issues in a new era of human existence, an “es-
chatological†reversal of the “fallen†condition of human life, a new
“covenant†of divine providence: to live in the kingdom is to be “re-
born†into a world where God took control of all of one’s affairs.
Jesus, like Adam, is the “Son†of the “Fatherâ€. Adamic Christol-
ogy seems to have been “widely current†in the 40s and 50s C.E.
Adam “plays a larger role in Paul’s theology than is usually realizedâ€
and is “often misunderstood†60. Adam speculation also seems to have
59
BULTMANN, Die Geschichte der synoptischen Tradition, 120-121 (The
History of the Synoptic Tradition, 115), argued that Q 11,49 documented a
“myth of divine Wisdom†that paralleled a “myth of the Archetypal Manâ€.
Bultmann was correct in noting these two streams of thought, but incorrect
in using late sources to posit an early pan-Near Eastern background of a
“Primal Manâ€/“gnostic redeemer†myth.
60
DUNN, Christology in the Making, 98-128, esp. 101, 114.