D.W. Kim, «Where Does It Fit? The Unknown Parables in the Gospel of Thomas», Vol. 94 (2013) 585-595
This article explores the genesis of some parables in the Gospel of Thomas not found elsewhere. They are not thematically related to each other. Then, how many parables exist in the text? In what way are they different or the same in comparison with the canonical Gospels? These parables in Thomas were not excluded from the concern of the post-1960s scholars, but the literary standard was not unified. The Greek fragments (P. Oxy. 654, 1, and 655) do not offer any crucial source in this case, but the Coptic manuscripts (NHC II, 2. 32-51) evince a new insight that the unknown parable tradition is not intended to show dependency on the canonical tradition; rather they commonly provide key evidence which proves the pre-gnostic Jewish sophia tradition.
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WHERE DOES IT FIT?
good and bad fishermen, hoping that he would be hooked by his Saviour
rather than his adversary†18.
Such an approach relates to the different tradition of Matthew, but does
not actually explore the contextual point of the Thomasine tradition.
Schoedel elaborated three differences in supporting the irrelevance of
Thomas to Matthew: 1) the parable of Thomas is not a Kingdom parable,
but about rwme (“manâ€); 2) “the process of selection†is based on the
“one big good fishâ€; 3) “the lack of any parallel to Matthew’s conclusion
… of the judgment†19. Further, if the judgment of the angels (Matt 13:
49-50) is an allegorical application of the Matthean parable, it would be
right to suggest that Thomas and Matthew do not have the same parable,
but rather contrasting versions that were written in different eras.
Therefore, it would be easier to pursue the claim that the author of
Matthew attached the “allegorical interpretation†20 to the Matthean Q
source, while Thomas, with no allegorical intent, keeps its sapiential
originality in the context. The adjective rrm_nhyt (“wiseâ€) in the words
ououwhe _rrm_nhyt` (“a wise fishermanâ€) does not support the gnostic
reflection; rather, it upholds the notion that Logion 8 originated from a
Jewish sophia tradition. Leibenberg comments on this view of sophia that
“there is no typical “gnostic†understanding of sophia … on the contrary,
it appears to be advocating an understanding of sophia which is the
opposite of a gnostic, esoteric understanding of sophia†21.
II. Logion 97: The Parable of the Empty Jar
Secondly, the woman in Logion 97 22, according to the word noeit
(“mealâ€), had been grocery shopping or had got some food from someone
18
BLOMBERG, “Tradition and Redactionâ€, 192.
19
Schoedel takes him to be “the inner man†or “the Primal Manâ€. See
SCHOEDEL, “Parables in the Gospel of Thomasâ€, 552-553; MORRICE, “Hidden
Sayings of Jesusâ€, 269-273.
20
STROKER, “Extra canonical Parablesâ€, 104-106.
21
J. LIEBENBERG, The Language of the Kingdom and Jesus. Parable,
Aphorism, and Metaphor in the Sayings Material Common to the Synoptic
Tradition and the Gospel of Thomas. (Berlin – New York 2001) 258-275.
22
“Jesus said, the kingdom of the [father] is like a certain woman who was
carrying a [jar] full of meal. While she was walking [on the] road, still some
distance from home, the handle of the jar broke and the meal emptied out
behind her [on] the road. She did not realise it; she had noticed no accident.
When she reached her house, she set the jar down and found it empty†(Logion
97). See T.O. LAMBDIN, “The Gospel of Thomas (II, 2)â€, The Nag Hammadi
Library in English (Leiden – New York – Köln, 1996) 124-138.