D.W. Kim, «Where Does It Fit? The Unknown Parables in the Gospel of Thomas», Vol. 94 (2013) 585-595
This article explores the genesis of some parables in the Gospel of Thomas not found elsewhere. They are not thematically related to each other. Then, how many parables exist in the text? In what way are they different or the same in comparison with the canonical Gospels? These parables in Thomas were not excluded from the concern of the post-1960s scholars, but the literary standard was not unified. The Greek fragments (P. Oxy. 654, 1, and 655) do not offer any crucial source in this case, but the Coptic manuscripts (NHC II, 2. 32-51) evince a new insight that the unknown parable tradition is not intended to show dependency on the canonical tradition; rather they commonly provide key evidence which proves the pre-gnostic Jewish sophia tradition.
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588 DAVID W. KIM
fisherman makes in keeping the one fish he liked. The beginning phrase
of eprwme t_ntwn (“the man is like …â€) is analogous to the form of
the Kingdom statement (“the Kingdom … is like …â€). Yet there is no
certain evidence that Logion 8 is a Kingdom tradition. Rather, the attitude
of the fisherman as described later was certainly challengeable to listeners
of the parable: the fisherman discovered ounoG _nt_b_t enanouf` (“a
fine large fishâ€), and then threw the rest of the (small) fish back into the
sea. He did not personally regret his actions but was satisfied, having
caught the noG _nt_b_t enanouf` (“fine large fishâ€) 13. Along these lines,
Matthew has a similar parable: “Once again, the kingdom of heaven is
like a net that was let down into the lake and caught all kinds of fish.
When it was full, the fishermen pulled it up on the shore. Then they sat
down and collected the good fish in baskets, but threw the bad awayâ€
(Matt 13,47-48).
Is this parabolic Logion of Thomas related to the Matthean tradition?
Although the literary contexts of Thomas and Matthew seem to be in the
same stream of a Jesus tradition, the object of both traditions is different:
Thomas has a wise fisherman (… is like a fisherman); Matthew has a net
(… is like a net). Thomas has a single fisherman, but Matthew has fishermen
plural (an unknown number). The Matthean number of the men does not
seem to indicate a particular group of people, but rather a general case. The
standard set (noG [large] and kouei [small]) by the Thomasine fisherman
for choosing the fish is also different from the canonical tradition which has
two rough categories of “good and badâ€. Baarda analysed the verbs “choseâ€
in Thomas and “collected†in Matthew, and then inferred that the version in
Thomas is not closer to the original than the one in Matthew 14. Likewise,
Blomberg supposes that the style of Logion 8 simply “represent[s]
assimilation to the stereotypic parable form†15. The post-gnostic view of
Thomas was based on the “comparison of the Kingdom of heaven with a
dragnet to that of a man with a wise fisherman†16. The picture of the “fish
and net†also has parallels in Auth. Teach. 29:3–30:25 17. Blomberg interprets
such a view of assimilation in the sense that “the gnostic envisaged both
13
The last statement of “whoever has ears to hear, let him hear†shows
that the parable was spoken in the context of an admonition. This is a common
tradition in Thomas, as in Logia 21, 24, 63, 65, and 94.
14
T. BAARDA, ““Chose†and “Collectedâ€: Concerning an Aramaism in
Logion 8 of the Gospel of Thomas and the Question of Independenceâ€, HTR
84 (1991) 373-389.
15
BLOMBERG, “Tradition and Redactionâ€, 191.
16
BLOMBERG, “Tradition and Redactionâ€, 192.
17
See J.M. ROBINSON, “Authoritative Teaching (VI, 3)â€, The Nag
Hammadi Library in English (Leiden – New York – Köln) 304-310.