Troy D. Cudworth, «The Division of Israel’s Kingdom in Chronicles: A Re-examination of the Usual Suspects.», Vol. 95 (2014) 498-523
The Chronicler constantly adapts the story of Israel’s kingship from the narrative in Samuel-Kings to show his great interest in the temple. With regard to the division of the united kingdom, recent scholarship has correctly shown how he has removed all the blame from Solomon due to his successful construction of the temple, but it has not come to any firm conclusion on whom the Chronicler does find guilty. This article contends that the Chronicler blames Rehoboam for ignoring the plea of «all Israel», an essential facet of the nation’s temple worship.
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510 TROY D. CUDWORTH
glect of Solomon. His first article explored how the Chronicler put
Solomon in the same positive light as David with regard to divine
election, unanimous support by all Israel, and dedication to the
cult 36. In a second article, he argued that the Chronicler magnified
the character of Solomon the most in his role as “the chosen temple
builder”, seen so clearly in his own additions in 1 Chronicles 22,
28, 29 37. As for the main report of Solomon in 2 Chronicles 1–9,
Williamson avers that the middle block of chapters in 2 Chronicles
2–8 all concentrate on the temple (cf. 1,18 and 8,16) 38, while the
laudatory introductory and concluding material (i.e. 2 Chronicles
1 and 9) discuss features that only find their true expression in its
construction 39. Hence, although the Chronicler condemns Re-
hoboam for neglecting a major aspect of Israel’s temple cult (i.e.
all Israel), he gives Solomon the highest praise for doing his part
to establish its practice.
1. Solomon’s labor force
Unfortunately, scholars have judged too quickly that the heavy
yoke Solomon placed on the people must stand as a contradiction
to the Chronicler’s portrayal of him as a good king. Japhet takes
this line when she contends that the Chronicler omits all the mate-
rial from 1 Kings that would have incriminated him in that regard
(e.g. 1 Kgs 5,27-28; 9,15) 40, yet Dillard has shown how he left out
not only those details but any report, whether praiseworthy (e.g. 1
Kgs 3,16-28) or condemnatory (e.g. 1 Kgs 11,1-13), that does not
commend his work on the temple 41. In fact, the Chronicler con-
cludes the account with a candid admission that he has not included
everything from Solomon’s reign (2 Chr 9,29, “For the rest […] from
36
R. BRAUN, “Solomonic Apologetic in Chronicles”, JBL 92 (1973) 503-
516.
37
R. BRAUN, “Solomon, the Chosen Temple Builder: The Significance of
1 Chronicles 22, 28, and 29 for the Theology of Chronicles”, JBL 95 (1976)
581-590.
38
I will be using the BHS versification for all references.
39
H.G.M. WILLIAMSON, 1 and 2 Chronicles (London 1982) 192.
40
JAPHET, I & II Chronicles, 653.
41
R.B. DILLARD, “The Chronicler’s Solomon”, WTJ 43 (1981) 289-300,
here 291-292.