Peter Dubovský, «Why Did the Northern Kingdom Fall According to 2 Kings 15?», Vol. 95 (2014) 321-346
By applying various exegetical methodologies to 2 Kings 15, I have tried to identify the dynamics responsible for the fall of the Northern Kingdom, such as its instability, financial problems, tribal tensions, wrong international policy, etc. By analyzing some Assyrian documents it was shown that these dynamics were often in play during Assyrian invasions.
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330 PETER DUBOVSKÝ
Now the rest of the deeds of Shallum, including the conspiracy that he
made, are written in the Book of the Annals of the Kings of Israel. (2 Kgs
15,13-15 NRS)
In the fiftieth year of King Azariah of Judah, Pekahiah son of Menahem
began to reign over Israel in Samaria; he reigned two years. He did what
was evil in the sight of the LORD; he did not turn away from the sins of
Jeroboam son of Nebat, which he caused Israel to sin.
Pekah son of Remaliah, his captain, conspired against him with
fifty of the Gileadites, and attacked him in Samaria, in the
citadel of the palace along with Argob and Arieh; he killed him,
and reigned in place of him.
Now the rest of the deeds of Pekahiah, and all that he did, are written in
the Book of the Annals of the Kings of Israel. (2 Kgs 15,23-26 NRS)
In the fifty-second year of King Azariah of Judah, Pekah son of Remaliah
began to reign over Israel in Samaria; he reigned twenty years. He did
what was evil in the sight of the LORD; he did not depart from the sins
of Jeroboam son of Nebat, which he caused Israel to sin.
In the days of King Pekah of Israel, King Tiglath-pileser
of Assyria came and captured Ijon, Abel-beth-maacah,
Janoah, Kedesh, Hazor, Gilead, and Galilee, all the land
of Naphtali;
and he carried the people captive to Assyria.
Then Hoshea son of Elah made a conspiracy against Pekah son of Re-
maliah, attacked him, and killed him; he reigned in place of him, in
the twentieth year of Jotham son of Uzziah.
Now the rest of the acts of Pekah, and all that he did, are written in the
Book of the Annals of the Kings of Israel. (2 Kgs 15,27-31 NRS)
This scheme demonstrates that whereas only one event is in-
serted between the introductory and conclusive regnal résumés of
the first three kings 21, in the case of Pekah there is the accumulation
of three disasters: the Assyrian invasion is followed by the depor-
tation and finishes with a conspiracy. By the accumulation of three
events in the reign of one king the biblical texts underline the grow-
ing amount of catastrophes befalling the Israelites.
21
Also in the case of Menahem only one event – the invasion of Pul – is in-
serted between the introductory and conclusive regnal résumé (2 Kgs 15,17-22).