Karl Olav Sandnes, «Prophet-Like Apostle: A Note on the "Radical New Perspective" in Pauline Studies», Vol. 96 (2015) 550-564
The question of Paul's prophet-like apostolate has gained renewed interest due to the "Radical New Perspective", claiming that Paul remained fully within the confines of his Jewish identity. His prophetic call to become an apostle (Galatians 1) serves to substantiate that. The only new thing is that Paul came to a new understanding of the time, i.e. the time for the ingathering of the Gentiles had arrived (Pamela Eisenbaum). The present article argues that the prophetic model is not sufficient to explain how the Damascus event influenced the apostle's theology and mission. This event initiated a process of "slow conversion" as well.
04_Sandnes_550-564_copia_550-564 10/12/15 10:24 Pagina 558
558 KARL OLAV SANDNES 558
the prophetic tradition, which otherwise is so important for under-
standing Paul’s apostolate.
Carol K. Stockhausen argues that the Abraham narrative serves
as the foundational pattern of Paul’s autobiography in Galatians 1–2.
While recognizing that Abraham is not mentioned, she claims that
Paul’s story, with Damascus as its turning point, has a remarkable
parallel to Abraham:
Abraham is the revered model who first abandoned his heritage, his
home, and the ways of his fathers to follow the will of God. It is his
authority that lends a profound authority to Paul’s self-portrait, in
its turn intended to be paradigmatic for Paul’s readers. The following
of this paradigm is the first theological recommendation made in
the letter 26.
Reference for the last sentence is Gal 4,12 where Paul is the
model for readers who turned from the idols to God. Abraham was
the paradigmatic proselyte 27, and if he is the model for the autobio-
graphy, this has direct bearing upon the question of “the parting
of the ways”, since Paul then weaves into this passage a remem-
brance of Abraham who left behind his religious allegiance to be-
come a true believer. Although Stockhausen takes notice of some
of the observations pointed out in the present article, I think that
her argument moves beyond the evidence of the autobiography. It
is as a figure of faith, not of proselytism, that Abraham comes into
view in the rest of Galatians (chap. 3).
Summing up so far: Paul reminds his audience about his Da-
mascus revelation, shaping the story according to prophetic call nar-
ratives. All the basic elements that make up such a story are echoed
in Gal 1,15-16a. Implied is that Paul conceives of the mission he
has been called to as an extension of the preceding prophetic tradi-
tion. However, the story of Paul’s prophetic call is part of an argu-
ment that is paradigmatic for his addressees in a way that paves the
way for considering it a “conversion”, albeit not a turn from one
religion to another. This shaping of the Damascus event proceeds
26
C.K. STOCKHAUSEN, “2 Corinthians 3 and the Principles of Pauline Ex-
egesis”, Paul and the Scriptures of Israel (eds. C.A. EVANS – J.A. SANDERS)
(JSNT.S 83; Sheffield 1993) 143-164; quotation on p. 152.
27
K.O. SANDNES, A New Family. Conversion and Ecclesiology in the Early
Church with Cross-Cultural Comparisons (SIGC 91; Bern 1994) 41-46.