01_AzuelosVoltaggio_161_178_copia_161_178 10/07/15 11:33 Pagina 164 164 YAACOV AZUELOS – FRANCESCO GIOSUÈ VOLTAGGIO 164 known from Targum Pseudo-Jonathan of the Pentateuch 10. In the case at hand, as we shall see, the logic used by Targum Jonathan in translating hwhy-abc-rf (“the commander of the Lord’s army”) as an angel of the Lord does not constitute such an addition, and thus we cannot say that the term “angel” which does not occur in the biblical text was added in translation. In light of these textual findings, it is possible to conclude that the angelology in Targum Jonathan of Joshua centers on the scene where the “commander of the Lord’s army” appears before Joshua with a drawn sword. II. The interpretation of hwhy-abc-rf (“commander of the Lord’s army”) in the Targum Josh 5,13-15: “Once when Joshua was by Jericho, he looked up and saw a man standing before him with a drawn sword in his hand. Joshua went to him and said to him: ‘Are you one of us, or one of our adver- saries?’. He replied: ‘Neither, but as commander of the army of the Lord I have now come’. And Joshua fell on his face to the earth and worshiped, and he said to him: ‘What do you command your ser- vant, my lord?’. The commander of the army of the Lord said to Joshua: ‘Remove the sandals from your feet, for the place where you stand is holy’. And Joshua did so”. The appearance of the commander of the Lord’s army before Joshua mirrors the appearance of God before Moses in the burning bush in Exodus 3. The scene is intentionally structured to show Joshua as “a reflection of Moses” 11. However, while Moses is sanc- tified through the direct revelation of God’s words, Joshua is merely visited by a “man” (vya, v. 13) who identifies himself as the “com- mander of the army of the Lord.” (hwhy-abc-rf, v. 14) 12. Who is 10 See notes 4, 5, 6 and 7 above. 11 S. AHITUV, Joshua. Introduction and Commentary (Miqra leYisra’el; Tel Aviv – Jerusalem 1995) 109 (Hebrew). 12 See Y. ZAKOVITCH, “Rationalization of Miracle Motifs in Biblical Nar- rative”, Proceedings of the Ninth World Congress of Jewish Studies (Jerusa- lem 1985). Panel Session: Bible Studies and Ancient Near East (eds. M.H. GOSHEN-GOTTSTEIN – D. ASSAF) (Jerusalem 1988) 27-28 (Hebrew); A. ROFÉ,