Sigurd Grindheim, «Faith in Jesus: The Historical Jesus and the Object of Faith», Vol. 97 (2016) 79-100
Did Jesus call his followers to believe in him? or did he merely call them to believe in God or in the contents of his teaching? This article examines the evidence found in the Synoptic Gospels and discusses its possible Christological implications in light of the Scriptures of Israel and the writings of Second Temple Judaism. If Jesus expected to be the object of his disciples’ faith, his expectation may be understood in light of his redefinition of messiahship. But he may also be seen to have placed himself in the role of God, who was the object of Israel’s faith in the Scriptures of Israel and in Second Temple Judaism.
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not include the words “in him” (evp av uvto,n). the mock promise is therefore
not a promise to believe in Jesus, but a promise to believe without further
qualification. in this case, however, the difference between matthew
and mark is not as significant as it may seem. the implication, also in
mark’s version, is that the mockers will believe in Jesus. the point of
dispute is not whether they will believe in God, but whether they will
believe in Jesus, or at least whether they will believe that God is with
him. since it is Jesus’ own power to save that is at stake (not merely
God’s willingness to save him), and since religious belief is closely as-
sociated with salvation (cf. further below), the mockers must be
understood to profess their readiness to believe in Jesus. While we cannot
recover the original version of the mockers’ words, it remains plausible
that both evangelists reflect an authentic tradition, a tradition echoing
the fact that Jesus called for faith in his own person 27.
even though Jesus’ ipsissima verba may be irrecoverable, the idea
that he saw himself as the object of his followers’ faith is reflected
in different strands of the synoptic tradition: the millstone saying and
the passion narrative. as the evangelists demonstrate no interest in
developing this point, it cannot be attributed to their redaction. the
idea is amply attested in the Gospel of John, in which it may reflect
the evangelist’s theological interest (cf., e.g., John 1,12), but, with
the corroborating evidence in the synoptic Gospels, a cumulative case
can be made that the basic idea of Jesus calling for faith in himself is
rooted in traditions going back to the historical Jesus.
Vi. significance
if it is plausible that Jesus issued such a call, its significance must
be evaluated in light of his Jewish religious context 28. Faith is an im-
portant concept in the scriptures of israel 29. the hifil form of !ma,
which is usually translated “to believe” or “to trust”, occurs 52 times.
this form may be used in a secular sense, describing someone who
27
i am not suggesting that the matthean account of the mockers’ words is
more original than the account in mark, nor that their words are recoverable, but
rather that the mockers, according to both accounts, must have thought that Jesus
had called people to believe in him.
28
e. lohse, “emuna und pistis – Jüdisches und urchristliches Verständnis
des Glaubens”, ZNW 68 (1977) 148. in the Greco-Roman context, pist-terminolo-
gy is not used in a religious sense to depict the appropriate way to relate to a deity.
cf. R. Bultmann, “pisteu,w ktl”, TDNT Vi, 179.
29
For a thorough discussion, see especially YeunG, Faith, 133-140.