James 4,1-4 in the Light of the Jewish Two Ways Tradition 3,1-6 47 Jas 1,19-21 exhibits a pattern strikingly similar to 1 Peter 1,23–2,2 (29). The fact that James and 1 Peter share the word “to put away” (ajpotivqemai) even supports the idea that they rely upon a common tradition. All filthiness, rJupariva, metaphorically indicating evil habits and inclinations, must be discarded like filthy garments (Jas 2,2) and the “implanted word” which is able to save must be “received in meekness” (1,21). The Greek noun prau?vth" (“meekness”) is contrasted with ojrghv (“anger”) rather than with kakiva" (“wickedness”) (30). Verses 1,16-18 and 1,19-21 confirm that the “logos of truth” and “the implanted logos” are one and the same (31). The “implanted word” does not refer to an inborn, natural quality within man but to wisdom as the greatest gift of God (32). It descends from above (3,15; cf. 1,17). The person is being regenerated and reborn by the word of truth (1,18) as well as transformed by the implanted word (1,21). 3. Jas 1,13-21 in the Light of Did 3,1-6 Particularly similar to James’ teaching in 1,13-15.19-21 is the so- called teknon section in Did 3,1-6 which belongs to the Greek Two Ways (33). At first sight one is inclined to consider the verses of the (29) For further details, see also M.-E. BOISMARD, “Une liturgie baptismale dans la prima Petri. II. – Son influence sur l’épître de Jacques”, RB 64 (1957) 161- 183; esp. 167-172. (30) DIBELIUS, James, 112; HARTIN, James, 97. Cf. JOHNSON, The Letter of James, 270. (31) “The identification of the ‘logos’ of truth and the ‘implanted logos’ is widely assumed”; cf. JACKSON-MCCABE, Logos and Law, 214, n. 91. See also BAUCKHAM, James, 146; HARTIN, James and the Q Sayings, 106, 213; JOHNSON, The Letter of James, 287; HARTIN, James, 106. (32) “From 1:5 and 1:17, the reader recognizes this ‘wisdom from above’ as the wisdom that comes from God, indeed as the ‘word of truth’ that comes from God (1:18) and, as ‘implanted word’, is to be received in ‘meekness’(1:21)”; see JOHNSON, The Letter of James, 287 and compare 218; cf. HARTIN, James and the Q Sayings, 106-107, 213; DAVIDS, The Epistle of James, 51-55; HARTIN, James, 79-80 and WALL, Community of the Wise, 67. (33) The teknon section is missing, however, in the Letter of Barnabas. On the other hand, it is found in the Didache, Doctrina Apostolorum (though this version lacks a counterpart to Did 3,3-4a), the Apostolic Church Order, the Epitome of the Canons of the Holy Apostles, the Life of Shenoute, etc. It may be argued with equal reason, therefore, that Barnabas, who probably rewrote his source, did not preserve these materials. See also VAN DE SANDT-FLUSSER, The Didache, 73-74, 133-134.