Hans Ausloos - Valérie Kabergs, «Paronomasia or Wordplay? A Babel-Like Confusion. Towards a Definition of Hebrew Wordplay», Vol. 93 (2012) 1-20
Against the general background of a terminological confusion that is present in contributions about Hebrew wordplay, the definition of the socalled paronomasia in relation to the term wordplay is especially debated. This article aims to clarify the concept of wordplay in the Hebrew Bible. After a survey of the current opinions in defining the terms «paronomasia» and «wordplay» (I), we propose our own definition of «Hebrew wordplay» (II). Thereafter, this description will simultaneously delimit the field of Hebrew wordplay as it excludes a few linguistic figures, although they are possibly classified as wordplay in other studies (III).
16 VALÉRIE KABERGS – HANS AUSLOOS
on the other. Therefore, assonance is reflected between both words,
but there is also a play on meaning since the life-giving “work†of the
righteous is contrasted with the sin-related “yield†of those who have
evil plans.
A second category of linguistic figures that cannot be seen as
wordplay according to our proposed definition are those combina-
tions that play on different meanings without sharing any identical or
similar sound patterns. (1) The phenomenon of synonymous substi-
tution is without a doubt ingenious from a literary perspective 43. In
order to understand what exactly is meant by synonymous substitu-
tion, one could refer to the proper noun hn+# in Genesis 26,21. Ac-
cording to A. Strus, the Hebrew author tried to explain the name by
using a semantic parallel between the noun hn+# (“accusationâ€) and
the verb byr (“to disputeâ€) in verse 21. The “meaning†of the name
hn+# would therefore be explained by relating it to the somewhat
synonymous verb byr. However, as the use of synonyms only af-
fects the aspect of meaning, whereas the sound of words does not
play any role in this linguistic figure, synonymous substitution can-
not be seen as a specific type of wordplay in our opinion. (2) Suc-
cedanuous paronomasia refers to the substitution of an unusual term
where one would normally expect a more familiar term 44. In pro-
viding an example, Cherry mentions the proper noun Jesurun in
Deuteronomy 32,15, which ― according to him ― “replaces†in this
case the more common name Israel with the purpose of sarcasm.
While one could say that there is some role for the meaning of words,
sound patterns are, once again, not involved in the constitution of
this particular linguistic figure. (3) In the same vein, the so-called
“associative pun†can be mentioned. J.J. Glück argues that this fig-
ure of word is “characterized by a twist in the diction, a play on
phrase-components, when the different words within a phrase are
forced together to create an entirely new image, overshadowing the
usual associations of the respective words of the phrase†45. Glück
refers to the phrase “their uncircumcised heart†(lr(h Mbbl) in
Leviticus 26,41, which should be interpreted metaphorically and not
43
Cf. GREENSTEIN, “Wordplay. Hebrewâ€, 969-970; A. STRUS, Nomen-
Omen. La stylistique sonore des noms propres dans le Pentateuque (AnBib
80; Rome 1978) 62-64.
44
CHERRY, Paronomasia and Proper Names in the Old Testament, 31-32.
45
GLÃœCK, Paronomasia in Biblical Literature, 72-75.