Juraj Feník - Róbert Lapko, «Annunciations to Mary in Luke 1–2», Vol. 96 (2015) 498-524
In addition to the scene conventionally known as "the Annunciation" (Luke 1,26-38), three other texts in the infancy narrative qualify to be classed as such. This article proposes an understanding of 2,8-20; 2,22- 35; 2,41-52 as annunciation pericopes by highlighting the fact that other characters, namely, the shepherds, Simeon, and Jesus function as messengers communicating to Mary further information about her son. It identifies the messenger, the act of speaking, the message, and the reference to Jesus' mother in each of the four scenes. Luke's infancy narrative, so the argument runs, contains four annunciation scenes in which a progressive revelation about Jesus addressed to his mother takes place.
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of the message, the evangelist in 1,35 adopts the same introductory
frame as at the beginning of the first part in 1,30 in that he unam-
biguously and with the same vocabulary identifies the messenger
(o` a;ggeloj) and the addressee (auvth/)| , pinpointing the act of speak-
ing as well (ei=pen). The angelic annunciation is made to continue,
and its next segment (1,35) contains two verbs in future tense that
answer Mary’s question from the preceding verse: the Holy Spirit
will come upon her (evpeleu,setai) and the power of the Most High
will overshadow her (evpiskia,sei). The exclusive vertical relation-
ship God-Mary represents the content of this segment, just as the
exclusive liaison Mary-Jesus defined the first segment in the first
part of the annunciation (1,31). Thereupon the angel adds the final
piece of information about the child to be born, again with a verb
in future tense: he will be called (klhqh,setai) the son of God.
Mary’s query from 1,34 has been answered and the initial informa-
tion about the promised child has been transmitted.
For the purposes at hand, it appears by all means necessary to
scrutinize the final segment of the angel’s speech in 1,37 and
Mary’s ensuing assent in 1,38. The reason is simple: both verses
feature an explicit reference to what is spoken, expressed through
the use of the noun r`h/ma 8. This reinforces the observation that an-
nunciation forms a prominent strand in the narrative. In 1,37 the
angel explains why Elizabeth was able to conceive: because no
word (r`h/ma) will be impossible with God. Although it may be
rightly claimed that the term r`h/ma “here [...] carries the Septua-
Une apocalypse aux origines de l’Évangile (LD 106; Paris 1981) 97, Mary’s
question is in the text “pour relancer le dialogue vers des explications plus
profondes”. F. BOVON, Luke 1. A Commentary on the Gospel of Luke 1:1 −
9:50 (Minneapolis, MN 2002) 44, is therefore right to assert that we are deal-
ing with “a double announcement in 1:26-38”. Or, one may follow J.A.
FITZMYER, The Gospel According to Luke (I−IX). Introduction, Translation,
and Notes (AB 28; New York 1981) 337-38, in speaking of two stages in the
child’s identification.
8
As shown by the statistic provided by N. NEUMANN, Lukas und Menip-
pos. Hoheit und Niedrigkeit in Lk 1,1 ‒ 2,40 und in der menippeischen Liter-
atur (NTOA 68; Göttingen 2008) 152, Luke’s infancy narrative features the
highest concentration of the noun r`h/ma in the NT (Lk 1,37.38.65;
2,15.17.19.29.50.51). Even though it must be conceded that, obviously, not
every instance stands for an annunciation, the cluster of r`h/ma occurrences
indirectly confirms the importance of annunciation in these chapters.