04_Parker_222_244_222-244 10/07/15 12:41 Pagina 240 240 FLOYD O. PARKER JR. 240 all within it, and the “words” of Jesus, which appear prominently at either end of the passion narrative. Likewise, the Messianic prophecies play a minimal role between these two passages; only two are fulfilled within the context of the passion narrative (19,24.28). Theories that are too narrowly focused on particular events within the passion narrative, such as the atoning death of Jesus or the fulfillment of a single prophecy, must also be discarded because several other events also transpired between the parentheses of 18,4 and 19,28.30 (i.e. the arrest, Jewish trial, the interviews with Pilate, scourging, crucifixion, and death). In contrast, concepts that are essentially synonymous with the events of the entire passion narrative are better candidates for the meaning of “all things”, and it is to the examination of these theories that we now turn. 3. The Relationship between “All Things” and Other Johannine Themes. Now that the evidence has been presented that the phrase “all things” functions as a set of bookends for the passion narrative, we will explore the convergence of this phrase with several Johannine themes. The major themes that also appear to overlap with the content and time frame of the passion narrative are Jesus’ “hour”, the “cup”, and the Passover. The relationship of the “new creation” to tete,lestai in 19,30 will also be examined toward the end of this section. The connection between the “hour” and “all things” is suggested by the following data. The “hour” meets the criterion of referring to the events of the passion narrative 59, for it includes such details as the scattering of the disciples (16,32), Jesus’ arrest (7,30; 8,20), his death, and his glorification (12,23; 17,1) 60. Furthermore, the 59 The arrival of the long-anticipated “hour” (2,4; 7,30; 8,20) is actually announced shortly before the passion narrative begins (12,23). The announce- ment of its arrival is made near the time of Passover (12,1), within the context of Jesus’ anointing for burial (12,7), and after Greeks have asked to see him (12,21; cf. 10,15-16). Since the passion narrative is clearly indicated by the context of 12,23, the mention of the “hour” shortly before the passion tech- nically began should not count against the theme meeting this criterion. 60 In the Synoptic Gospels, the “hour” also refers to the suffering and death of Jesus (Matt 26,45; Mark 14,35.41; Luke 22,53). C.E. MORRISON, “The ‘Hour of Distress’, Targum Neofiti and the ‘Hour’ in the Gospel of John”, CBQ 30 (2008) 590-603, discusses this leitmotif in Jewish texts.