04_Parker_222_244_222-244 10/07/15 12:41 Pagina 239 239 IS THE SUBJECT OF tete,lestai IN JOHN 19,30 “IT” OR “ALL THINGS” ? 239 VIhsou/j ou=n eivdw.j pa,nta ta. evrco,mena evpV auvto,n (18,4) Meta. tou/to eivdw.j o` VIhsou/j o[ti h;dh pa,nta tete,lestai (19,28) The wording of these two passages is remarkably similar; they share the words “knowing” (eivdw,j), “all things” (pa,nta), and “Jesus” (VIhsou/j). This close correspondence in the wording and positioning of these two passages at either end of the chiasm strongly suggests that the author intended to link them and that, consequently, “all things” has the same referent in both cases. The reason for the placement of these similar verses in the In- troductory Stanza and Concluding Stanza at either end of the pas- sion narrative is clear: they mark the onset (18,4) 56 and the conclusion of the passion narrative (19,28) 57. As Schnackenburg put it, “to Jesus’ knowledge of the future at the beginning of the passion, there corresponds pa,nta tete,lestai (19:28) at its close” 58. This information suggests that the “all things” that Jesus knew were coming upon him while he was in the garden (18,4) corresponds exactly to the “all things” that were completed just prior to his death (19,28.30). In these passages, “all things” brackets the events of the passion narrative. If the phrase “all things” in 18,4 and 19,28 has been correctly identified as marking off the boundaries of the passion narrative, then this bit of evidence further confirms the decision to discard several of the theories listed above. “All things” would refer only to events found within the boundary of these two verses and would disallow events that appear outside it or that describe merely a sin- gle portion of it. Examples of theories that fall outside the bounds of this section are the “works” and “signs” of Jesus, which were completed long before the passion narrative and do not appear at 56 See WITKAMP, “Jesus’ Thirst”, 495: “If in 19:28 we read ‘knowing that all was now completed’ … what is said first is that Jesus knew that the passion was over. This is clear because of 18:4, where just before Jesus comes out of the garden to be arrested, the narrator says, ‘Jesus, knowing all that was going to happen to him’.”; WESTCOTT, St. John, 252, commenting on pa,nta ta. evrco,mena in John 18,4, states, “The passion has already begun […] Jesus is omniscient. He knows what is now about to befall him: he knows that the “hour” announced long since has finally struck”; HAENCHEN, John, II, 165. 57 EPHRAIM, “On Our Lord”, 321; EDERSHEIM, Life and Times, II, 608-609; BERNARD, St. John. II, 638; WITKAMP, “Jesus’ Thirst”, 495. 58 SCHNACKENBURG, St. John, III, 223.