Karl Olav Sandnes, «Prophet-Like Apostle: A Note on the "Radical New Perspective" in Pauline Studies», Vol. 96 (2015) 550-564
The question of Paul's prophet-like apostolate has gained renewed interest due to the "Radical New Perspective", claiming that Paul remained fully within the confines of his Jewish identity. His prophetic call to become an apostle (Galatians 1) serves to substantiate that. The only new thing is that Paul came to a new understanding of the time, i.e. the time for the ingathering of the Gentiles had arrived (Pamela Eisenbaum). The present article argues that the prophetic model is not sufficient to explain how the Damascus event influenced the apostle's theology and mission. This event initiated a process of "slow conversion" as well.
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553 PROPHET-LIKE APOSTLE 553
This observation explains why the Book of Isaiah becomes so
important in Paul’s mission. Within Galatians 1–2, also 1,24 (“and
they glorified God because of me”) and 2,2b (“that I was not run-
ning, or had not run, in vain”) are shaped by Isaiah (Isa 49,3-4).
1. Christocentric Prophetic Commission
It is remarkable that although the verb euvaggeli,zomai might be
used without an accusative, or with the object included in the verb
(Rom 1,15; 15,20; 1 Cor 15,1; 2 Cor 11,7; Gal 1,8; 4,13 cf. Gal 2,7),
that is not the case here. It is about proclaiming Christ himself (auvto,n).
Content-wise, the gospel Paul is commissioned to preach is, therefore,
somehow identical with Christ revealed to him. This places the focus
on the content of the revelation itself, making the prophetic commis-
sion Christocentric in nature, and also deeply involved with the risen
Christ. For obvious reasons this distinguishes Paul from the prophets.
Two observations are worthy of some further considerations. First,
the revelation itself in which the commission is conveyed — as in
the inaugural theophanies of the Old Testament prophets embarking
on their mission — makes up the very mission of the prophet-like
apostle. This aspect hardly finds a real analogy with the prophets.
Second, the Christocentric revelation given to Paul finds an analogy
within Galatians itself, namely in 3,1: “It was before your eyes that
Jesus Christ was publicly exhibited as crucified!” Passages like 1 Cor
9,1 (“Have I not seen [e`or , aka] Jesus our Lord?”) and 1 Cor 15,8 “he
appeared [w;fqh] also to me”), which associate the Damascus event
with the risen Christ, involve the eyes in a way similar to what happened
to the Galatians according to 3,1. Thus it becomes apparent that
Paul’s prophetic commission works within a pattern of comparison
or example here. Since the Galatians are by no means seen as called
to embark upon a prophetic vocation, this analogy suggests that the
Damascus event in Galatians 1 has dimensions which the prophetic
analogy does not come to terms with (see below).
Paul’s prophet-like apostolate is said to have the nations (evn toi/j
e;qnesin) as its main target. According to James D.G. Dunn, not only
was Paul’s encounter on the Damascus road seen in a prophetic light
but even his commissioning to the nations was prophet-like 10. Ref-
10
J.D.G. DUNN, “Paul’s Conversion: A Light to the Twentieth-Century
Disputes”, The New Perspective on Paul. Collected Essays (ed. J.D.G. DUNN)
(WUNT 185; Tübingen 2005) 341-359, especially p. 357.