Eve-Marie Becker, «Mk 1:1 and the Debate on a 'Markan Prologue'», Vol. 22 (2009) 91-106
On the basis of observations to the syntactical structure and the literary style of Mk 1:1-15 as well as to the literary genre of the Markan Gospel, this paper questions those concepts of subdividing Mk 1 according to which Mk 1:1-13/15 is classified as a 'Markan prologue'. It is argued instead, that already Mk 1:4 opens up the Gospel narration and that only Mk 1:1-3 has to be regarded as a literary unity: Mk 1:1-3, however, is in no case part of a 'Markan prologue' or a 'prologue' in itself. These verses are rather more to be understood as a prooemium to the overall prose-text of the Gospel narrative, consisting of a 'Buchüberschrift'/title (1:1) and an opening introductory close (1:2-3).
Mk 1:1 and the debate on a ‘Markan prologue’ 97
specifically. And in order to follow the terminology of literary sciences
precisely, we should definitely not understand any of these terms as
equivalent to ‘prologue’.
(3) Besides this, we should question the usual attempts of subdividing
Mk 1 into 1:1-13/15. Four observations seem to be relevant here. Firstly,
the scholarly disagreement over whether Mk 1 should be subdivided after
1:13 or after 1:1540 already indicates that both verses do not necessarily
function as subdividing markers: There is no narratological, semantic
or syntactic shift visible between Mk 1:13 and 1:14 or between Mk 1:15
and 1:16 that would legitimate to separate Mk 1:1-13/15 from the rest
of the Gospel narrative. These verses are obviously already part of the
Markan narratio (Mk 1:4-16:8). Secondly: There is, however, a shift vis-
ible between Mk 1:3 and 1:4. In most cases, this shift is overlooked: It is
already in Mk 1:4 where the actual narrative part of the Markan Gospel
is opened up. Evidence for this interpretation can also be found in the
early reception history of the Markan Gospel, i.e. in “Textgeschichte” viz.
textual criticism of Mk 1:441 as well as of Mk 1:1442. Thus, the Markan
introductory part is only limited to Mk 1:1-3.
Thirdly: Although Dormeyer’s focus on a certain diptychal structure43
in Mk 1 concerning the portrayal of John the Baptist and Jesus from
Nazareth is correct44, his valuation of its literary character as a ‘pro-
logue’ is not convincing: To connect the ‘diptychal structure’ in Mk 1 with
a certain literary function of such a ‘Markan prologue’, means to limit it
to the introductory part in ch. 1. The parallelisms in between John’s and
Jesus’ life and mission, however, are not limited to chapter 1, but continue
40
See above.
41
The ‘Textgeschichte’ gives an interesting insight in the interpretation of Mk 1:4 as
well. Codex Sinaiticus reads – as B. Weiss, Kritisch Exegetisches Handbuch über die Evan-
gelien Markus und Lukas. Sechste Auflage (KEK; Göttingen 1878) 16 note *, indicates:
kai egeneto. Cf. Novum Testamentum Sinaiticus sive Novum Testamentum cum Epistula
Barnabae et Fragmentis Pastoris Ex Codice Sinaitico, ed. A. F. C. Tischendorf (Leipzig
1863) 18* (kai ca improbavit). Cf. Codex Sinaiticus Petropolitanus. The New Testament,
The Epistle of Barnabas and the Shepherd of Hermas. Preserved in the Imperial Library of
St. Petersburg. Now Reproduced in Facsimile From Photographs by H. and K. Lake (Oxford
1911) 18*. – My colleague Jan Dochhorn (Aarhus) has to be thanked for this observation.
42
The manuscripts B, D, 2427, a, ff2, and bomss include kai before meta. Thus, they
understand 1:14 in a paratactical continuity to the previous passages. – Cf. to this also: J.
W. Voelz, “The Greek of the Codex Vaticanus in the Second Gospel and Marcan Greek”, NT
47 (2005) 209-249, 212.
43
This structure is of course much more developed in the Lukan Gospel narrative (Lk
1-2).
44
See above.