Lars Kierspel, «'Dematerializing' Religion: Reading John 2–4 as a Chiasm», Vol. 89 (2008) 526-554
After offering a critical analysis of Moloney’s synthetical parallelism for John 2–4, this article argues for a chiastic structure of the Cana-to-Cana cycle which directs the reader from the visible signs (2,1-12+4,43-54) and physical properties of religion (2,13-22+4,1-42) to Jesus as the metaphysical agent of
God’s salvation and judgment (3,1-21+3,22-36). The new 'dematerialized' faith thereby subverts expectations of material restoration and reorients the believing eye not towards a sanctuary but towards the Son.
528 Lars Kierspel
a) The Mother of Jesus
While the faith of the royal official is emphatically mentioned
(4,50.53), there is no corresponding comment for Mary. Moloney finds
in Mary’s words “Do whatever he tells you†(2,5) the “key to the
narrative†(7) and the cause of the disciples’ faith since they were able
to see Jesus’ sign only because of her command to the servants (8).
Moloney’s emphasis on Mary’s mediatorial faith in John 2 might
reflect a renewed confessional confidence among Catholic Biblical
scholars in contrast to the previous generation. Raymond Brown, at
least, insisted that “the evangelist does nothing to stress the power of
Mary’s intercession at Cana†and that her words to the servants in 2,5
“stress the sovereignty of Jesus and not Mary’s impetration†(9).
Various observations buttress this conclusion.
(a) Finding Mary’s faith as the key to the narrative means to
argue from silence. Not only has, as Moloney himself observed, “the
verb pisteuein ... not been applied to the response of the mother of
Jesus in 2,1-12†(10) but the text also makes no connection between
Mary’s command to the servants and the disciples’ ensuing faith.
Most commentators would understand the text’s silence to mean that
Mary’s symbolism as a disciple and witness is, at best, a
“subordinate theological motif†(11).
(b) On the other hand, Moloney underemphasizes the narrator’s
explicit comment about “the disciples [who] believed in him†(2,11).
While he observes here that the narrator “slows down the action to
make a comment for the reader on the manifestation of the glory and
the faith of the disciples†(12) he nevertheless wants to make Mary’s
(7) Ibid., 83.
(8) MOLONEY (Belief, 91-92) expresses the tight causal connection this way:
“Because the mother of Jesus, despite the rebuke that her son directed toward her,
trusted completely in the efficacy of the word of Jesus, the disciples have come to
see the sign, the doxa, and they have come to faithâ€.
(9) R.E. BROWN, The Gospel According to John (AB 29-29A; Garden City,
NY 1966-1970) I, 103. While Schnackenburg finds in Mary’s response (2,5) an
expression of “faithâ€, he observes that the author’s interest is “eher ein
marianisches als ein mariologisches†and locates the key to the most important
meaning of the miracle in 2,11, the revelation of Jesus’ glory. R. SCHNACKENBURG,
Das Johannesevangelium (HThKNT; Freiburg 1965) I, 336, 341.
(10) Ibid., 91. Moloney then adds without offering any support that “the
implied reader meets it in association with the disciples (v. 11)â€.
(11) So BROWN, The Gospel According to John, I, 107.
(12) MOLONEY, Belief, 79.