Lars Kierspel, «'Dematerializing' Religion: Reading John 2–4 as a Chiasm», Vol. 89 (2008) 526-554
After offering a critical analysis of Moloney’s synthetical parallelism for John 2–4, this article argues for a chiastic structure of the Cana-to-Cana cycle which directs the reader from the visible signs (2,1-12+4,43-54) and physical properties of religion (2,13-22+4,1-42) to Jesus as the metaphysical agent of
God’s salvation and judgment (3,1-21+3,22-36). The new 'dematerialized' faith thereby subverts expectations of material restoration and reorients the believing eye not towards a sanctuary but towards the Son.
532 Lars Kierspel
that he believed. While his function as a witness certainly implies
personal and complete faith, the actual dialogue with his disciples
(3,25-30) centers on a testimony to Jesus as the messianic
bridegroom followed by a christological monologue with a prophetic
warning (3,31-36).
e) The Samaritan woman
In the same way, it is never mentioned that the Samaritan woman
“believedâ€. As with John the Baptist, her faith is implied in her
explicit “witness†to her villagers (4,39.28-29). Similar to Moloney’s
emphasis of Mary’s alleged faith in 2,5 at the expense of the
disciples’ faith in 2,11, it is the Samaritans’ faith that is stressed
(ejpivsteusan, 4,41), not that of the woman. She herself is presented
as a paragon of a worker in the harvest as taught and expected from
the male disciples (4,35-38) (27) and the Samaritans are the model
example of faith based on verbal testimony as opposed to visible
signs.
In sum, Moloney finds faith where none is reported (Mary, John
the Baptist, Samaritan woman) and postulates unbelief where the text
is quiet (the Jews, Samaritan woman, 4,1-15) while underrating
explicit references to the faith of the disciples (2,11.22). That ought
to call for caution regarding his overall structure for John 2–4.
II. Inverted Parallelism: Proposal for Reading John 2–4
In the following we suggest an inverted arrangement of John 2–4,
what has often been called the Cana-to-Cana cycle.
1. From Cana to Cana (2,1-12+4,43-54)
After the cosmic (1,1-18) and historical opening (1,19-51) of the
Gospel, the first miracle (Wedding in Cana) in chapter 2 and the
second miracle at the end of chapter 4 (healing of the official’s son)
form an inclusio that delimit the next textual unit. Before
establishing the case, we will first discuss alternative proposals.
(27) The Samaritans believe dia; to;n lovgon th'" gunaikov" (4,39). The
combination of pisteuvein + diav + object is elsewhere in the Gospel used only of
John the Baptist and his witness (1,7) and in Jesus’ prayer for “those also who
believe in Me through their word (dia; tou' lovgou aujtw'n eij" ejmev)â€. The Samaritan
woman is thus characterized as a model of a witness for Christ.