Lars Kierspel, «'Dematerializing' Religion: Reading John 2–4 as a Chiasm», Vol. 89 (2008) 526-554
After offering a critical analysis of Moloney’s synthetical parallelism for John 2–4, this article argues for a chiastic structure of the Cana-to-Cana cycle which directs the reader from the visible signs (2,1-12+4,43-54) and physical properties of religion (2,13-22+4,1-42) to Jesus as the metaphysical agent of
God’s salvation and judgment (3,1-21+3,22-36). The new 'dematerialized' faith thereby subverts expectations of material restoration and reorients the believing eye not towards a sanctuary but towards the Son.
536 Lars Kierspel
Revelation of the New Order in Jesusâ€) (44). In 4,43–5,47, the healing of
the basilikov"’ son and the paralytic at Bethesda are two signs
followed by a discourse on their significance in relation to Jesus’
eschatological task; and so on (45). While the link between sign and
discourse is a Johannine feature also noticed by others (46), the temple
cleansing should not be considered a shmei'on, if for no other reason
than that the healing is called the “second sign†(4,54) after the
changing of water to wine (see 2,11) (47). Morris’ connection between
the Samaritan discourse and the healing of the official’s son is thus
more convincing (48). But even reading the temple cleansing as a
shmei'on does not settle its position within the context. Köstenberger
incorporates it into a structural pattern of “three inaugural signs†in
John 2–4 followed by “three further signs which are characterized by
mounting controversy†in John 5–9 and finishing with the climactic
sign of Lazarus’ resurrection (49).
(c) According to Kysar, the text in John 2–5 narrates a series of
works and discourses that constitutes “the foundation of Jesus’
ministry and sets the direction which the following chapters take†(50).
Yet the persecution and attempt to kill Jesus after his healing on a
Sabbath (5,16-18) belongs to a response of hostility that is foreign to
John 2–4 and unites John 5 with the following development of a
growing conflict (51). On the other hand, John 5 and 6 are closely
connected through the theme of Jesus’ superiority over Moses (52)
which makes a major structural break between these chapters unlikely.
(44) G.R. BEASLEY-MURRAY, John (WBC; Nashville, TN 21999), xci. See
DODD, Interpretation, 297. So also D.A. CARSON, The Gospel According to John
(Leicester 1991) 239. A. KÖSTENBERGER, “The Seventh Johannine Sign: A Study
in John’s Christologyâ€, BBR 5 (1995) 87-103.
(45) BEASLEY-MURRAY, John, xci-xcii, also 79-80.
(46) See my discussion in KIERSPEL, The Jews and the World, 136-138.
(47) Within a chiastic reading of John 2–4, the semei'a in 3,2 could make
narratological sense when referring to both signs in John 2,1-11 and 4,46-54.
(48) L. MORRIS, Jesus is the Christ. Studies in the Theology of John (Grand
Rapids, MI 1989) 23.
(49) KÖSTENBERGER, “The Seventh Johannine Signâ€, 102.
(50) R. KYSAR, John (ACNT; Minneapolis, MN 1986) 44.
(51) One indicator is that the terms diwvkw (15,20) and ajpokteivnw (5,18;
7,1.19-20.25; 8,22.37.40; 11,53; 12,10; 16,2; 18,31) do not occur before John 5.
See also R.A. CULPEPPER, The Gospel and Letters of John (Nashville, TN 1998)
69, 128.
(52) See C.S. KEENER, The Gospel of John. A Commentary (Peabody, MA
2003) I, 636.