Itamar Kislev, «The Vocabulary of the Septuagint and Literary Criticism: The Case of Numbers 27,15-23», Vol. 90 (2009) 59-67
A careful attention to the change in the employment of Greek equivalents in the translation of Hebrew words in the Septuagint may help us to identify involvement of different translators. Such a change may sometimes point to some stages in the composition of the Hebrew text. In this article some interesting differences in the vocabulary of the Septuagint in the passage of the investiture of Joshua in Num 27, 15-23 are examined and with some other literal-critical considerations lead to exact exploring of the literal process of the graduated formation of the Hebrew passage.
The Vocabulary of the Septuagint and Literary Criticism 61
original text (9). The verse interrupts the original flow of the text, which links
God’s command to Moses to lean his hands on Joshua in v. 18 with the
command to place his dwh on him in v. 20. The reference to the placing of dwh
here is clearly associated with Moses’ leaning his hands upon Joshua —
rather than constituting a separate and independent action. If this assessment
is correct, the words “place some of your dwh upon him†represent a purpose
clause: “thereby placing some of your dwh upon him.†According to such a
reading, this clause ought to follow immediately after the words “lean your
hands upon him.†The commands to stand Joshua before Eleazar and the
community and to appoint him in v. 19 are consequently not to be
understood as belonging to the original text. I have assumed that v. 19 was
added in order to harmonize the priestly account of Joshua’s investiture in
Numbers 27 with the account in Deuteronomy (Deut 3,28; 31,7.14.23, and to
emphasize Eleazer’s role in the national leadership (10).
On this basis, I concluded that the reference to these actions in the
description of the implementation of the command (vv. 22-23) similarly
constitutes a secondary addition. I further argued that not only these two
actions but the entire detailed description of the implementation and the
restatement of the general implementation formula (vv. 22b-23) constitute a
latter addition (11).
In support of this claim we can adduce the fact that vv. 22-23 contain
two formulations of the implementation of the instructions: “Moses did as
the LORD had commanded him†(22a) and “As the LORD had spoken
through Moses†(23b). Between these two verses a detailed description of
the specific actions performed is inserted. While such a formulation is
occasionally preceded or followed by a detailing of actions, the occurrence
of a double formulation enveloping a detailed list is exceptional; such
examples are almost unattested in the priestly literature (12). The second
expression describing the implementation therefore appears to constitute a
form of resumptive repetition—indicative of the fact that the entire list of
actions represents a latter addition (13).
(9) KISLEV, “The Investiture of Joshuaâ€. A specification of the considerations appears
there, with a full discussion.
(10) KISLEV, “The Investiture of Joshuaâ€.
(11) See KISLEV, “The Investiture of Joshuaâ€, and S. MITTMAN, Deuteronomium
1:1–6:3 (BZAW 139; Berlin 1975) 110.
(12) MCEVENUE, following ELLIGER, argues that the fulfillment of the divine word in
general, and that of the commandments in particular, is typical of the priestly literature. In
a survey of the various occurrences of descriptions of such fulfillments of the divine will,
he notes that Gen 1,7.24b-25; Num 20,27-28; 27,22-23 are exceptional in containing both
a general implementation formula and a detailed description of the fulfillment of the
command: K. ELLIGER, “Sinn und Ursprung der Priesterlichen Geschichtserzählungâ€,
Kleine Schriften zum Alten Testament (Munich 1966) 174-199 (= ZTK 49 [1952] 121-
143); S. MCEVENUE, “Word and Fulfilment: A Stylistic Feature of the Priestly Writer,â€
Semitics 1 (1970) 104-106; cf. also J. BLENKINSOPP, “The Structure of Pâ€, CBQ 38 (1976)
275-277. Num 27,22-23 is unique in this regard in containing a double formulation of the
implementation process in addition to an enumeration of the details. A similar
phenomenon can be found in the description of the preparation of the priestly garments in
Exodus 39,1-31 and the description of the erection of the Tabernacle in Exodus 40,16-33
(and cf. Num 8,20-22).
(13) KISLEV, “The Investiture of Joshuaâ€.