54 MAARTEN J.J. MENKEN adapted to its new context. It is presented as a word from Scrip- ture, which probably means in this case that it is an authoritative utterance of Jesus. The other instance is found in Barn. 7,9. Accord- ing to this passage, Jesus will wear ton podhrh . . . ton kokkinon, ù ¥ ù ¥ “ the scarlet robe”, at his parousia, and he will be recognized as the crucified and despised one. Only in Matthew is Jesus said to wear “ a scarlet robe” (xlamyda kokkınhn) when he is mocked by ¥ ¥ Roman soldiers before his crucifixion (27,28). Matthew has changed Mark’s wording (porfyran, “a purple cloak”, Mark ¥ 15,17), so we have here another case of Barnabas borrowing Matthew’s editorial wording 43. The immediate source of the statement “when they strike their own shepherd, then the sheep of the flock will perish” in Barn. 5,12 is then the version of Zech 13,7 in Matt 26,31. How did the author of Barnabas deal with this source? How did he edit it, and how did he interpret it? The unmarked quotation now explains God’s statement “that the blow inflicted on his flesh comes from them ” : the Jews are the ones who struck Jesus. To achieve that ef- fect, the author of Barnabas had to rephrase the prophetic word. In all other textual forms of the relevant part of Zech 13,7 there are two main clauses: one about striking the shepherd is followed by another one about what happens to the sheep. The construction in a subordinate clause beginning with otan, “when”, and a main ™ clause beginning with tote, “then”, is evidently due to the author ¥ of the epistle; he also uses it in 15,5, and with ote instead of otan ™ ™ in 5,9. Other new elements are that “the sheep” become the sub- ject of “striking the shepherd” 44 and that the shepherd is “their For recent discussions of Barnabas’s knowledge and use of Matthew, see 43 W.-D. KÖHLER, Die Rezeption des Matthäusevangeliums in der Zeit vor Ire- näus (WUNT 2/24; Tübingen 1987) 111-123; O. KNOCH, “Kenntnis und Ver- wendung des Matthäus-Evangeliums bei den Apostolischen Vätern”, Studien zum Matthäusevangelium. Festschrift für Wilhelm Pesch (ed. L. SCHENKE) (SBS ; Stuttgart 1988) 157-177, esp. 172-174 ; HVALVIK, Struggle for Scripture and Covenant, 32-34; CARLETON PAGET, “Epistle of Barnabas”, 232-237. The words oyk hluen kalesai dikaıoyv, alla amartwloyv, “he [Jesus] did not ß® ¥ ¥ ß ùΩ ¥ come to call the righteous, but sinners”, in Barn. 5,9 may come from Matthew (9,13), but also from Mark (2,17) or even Luke (5,32), or from pre-synoptic tra- dition. See W. HORBURY, “Jewish-Christian Relations in Barnabas and Justin 44