Philippe Guillaume - Michael Schunck, «Job’s Intercession: Antidote to Divine Folly», Vol. 88 (2007) 457-472
This paper pinpoints how divine folly and human intercession mentioned in Job 42,8 are key concepts to unravel the meaning of the Book of Job. The Epilogue does not restore Job in his former position. Job is not healed but receives a new role as intercessor on behalf of his friends and by extension on behalf of everyone less perfect than he is. Understanding misfortune as the consequence of inescapable bouts of divine folly is the Joban way to account for humanity’s inability to comprehend the divinity.
Job’s Intercession: Antidote to Divine Folly 465
the satan suggest that Job will bless or curse YHWH to his face if God
strikes him (Job 1,11)? Does Job bless YHWH when what was given is
taken back (Job 1,21)? Will Job bless or curse YHWH to his face when
his health is gone (Job 2,5)? Is it the cursing or the blessing of God
which should cause Job’s death (Job 2,9)? The beauty of the Prologue
is that none of these questions can receive a definite answer. Narrative
tension is built at the onset to carry the audience through the whole
drama thanks to this fundamental issue. On which basis can one assert
that Job breaks out in praise upon losing his health and everything else?
In light of the next chapters, the euphemistic rendering of Job 1,21b
actually makes more sense: “YHWH gave but YHWH took back,
cursed be the name of YHWH!†The opposite would turn the Book of
Job into a Stoic manifesto which cannot be the case since the Epilogue
justifies Job’s screaming and ranting against the unfairness of his fate.
However, the Epilogue moves beyond the issue of Job’s blessing or
cursing. Since YHWH has admitted already in the Prologue that he
took back for naught, the Epilogue depicts YHWH’s logical
compensation of Job’s loses, thus assuming full responsibility for his
crime. In the end, it makes no difference whether Job cursed or blessed
God in the Prologue. In the very end, Job indeed dies and thus confirms
that the person who spoke the least spoke the best. Job’s wife was right
after all when she said “Bless/curse God and die!†(Job 2,9; 42,17). The
Epilogue resolves the ambiguity of the Prologue through the notion of
divine folly, and the lesson was not forgotten in the New Testament (1
Cor 1,25). When everything is said, the heart of the matter is how to
deal with YHWH’s left hand. The Epilogue adds that if human
behaviour makes little difference to human fate, humans are not left
entirely powerless in the face of YHWH’s potential folly.
5. Job’s Elevation as Intercessor
Readers spontaneously identify with Job, with his revolt and
sufferings (34). Yet, we can never be Job. We certainly suffer in our own
flesh like Job, but not quite for the same reason since we may not be
as blameless as Job is. We are more likely to be friends of heroes than
heroes ourselves, in spite of our natural tendency to identify with
heroes. Hence, YHWH’s address to Eliphaz (Job 42,7-8) is more
relevant to the audience than YHWH’s address to Job, and much more
(34) J. VERMEYLEN, “Le méchant dans les discours des amisâ€, The Book of Job
(ed. W. BEUKEN), 102.