H.G.M. Williamson, «Do We Need A New Bible? Reflections on the Proposed Oxford Hebrew Bible», Vol. 90 (2009) 153-175
The launch of the Oxford Hebrew Bible has recently been formally announced and examples of its work published. Unlike nearly all current scholarly editions of the Hebrew Bible, it aims to provide an eclectic rather than a diplomatic text. There are many aspects of the underlying reasons for this which should be approved. Nevertheless, as a project it has certain inherent weaknesses. It completely overlooks the different linguistic levels which are amalgamated in the Masoretic Text, so that its policy of maintaining the current spelling and vocalization are misguided. It also fails in its stated objective of providing a textual archetype in those cases where different editions of the text may be thought to have circulated in antiquity. And many of the most crucial decisions at the text-critical level are not included in the apparatus at all but in the commentary; indeed, in view of the unique textual nature of the MT as well as the variety of scholarly opinion about its textual history it is commentary rather than a new edition which would best serve the needs of the prospective readership.
170 H.G.M. Williamson
presentation runs more risks than it solves in terms of a critical edition
of the Bible. To repeat my earlier remarks, however, I remain intrigued
to see what our learned colleagues will produce from a narrowly
academic point of view.
c) The Likely Reception of the New Edition
This distinction brings me to the final area where some reserva-
tions about this project may be expressed. Hendel claims as the first
advantage of an eclectic text that it leaves the judgment about textual
questions to the experts rather than to “the reader, who is often
innocent of the discipline of textual criticism†(31). That seems rather to
raise several considerations that require further thought. First, the
number of those who use any form of critical edition of the Hebrew
Bible is relatively limited, simply because of the language requirement.
Of those that do, some may be wedded to a conservative textual
approach for religious or similar reasons, and they would be likely
either to use another edition or to pick out the unemended text of their
choice without full understanding of the issues anyway. This view may
be unduly pessimistic on my part, but given the scale of the textual
issues involved, as we shall see in a moment, I am sceptical about the
ability of the production of this edition seriously to remedy the
position.
To this pragmatic argument of Hendel, therefore, I strongly incline
to the view that commentary is a more appropriate form of
presentation. The new edition will include commentary, of course, and
that is to be greatly welcomed, for this is where the expertise of the
editor really comes into view and where he or she can lay out the
evidence and the issues it raises in a manner that will be intelligible to
Hendel’s hypothesized type of reader in far the best way. Crawford’s
extended presentation of the problems of Deut 32,5 (pp. 355-356), for
instance, makes clear that there is a range of versional evidence, that
previous scholars have come up with a variety of proposed solutions,
which are helpfully summarized, and then her own preferred solution
is presented with justifying arguments. These include stylistic
considerations from the wider context as the consideration of first
importance (a subject which cannot be included in a strictly textual
apparatus). This leads to the adoption of a plural form of the verb, for
which the versions are cited, though of course with the exception of the
(31) HENDEL, “Oxford Hebrew Bibleâ€, 325.