Jerry A. Gladson, «Postmodernism and the Deus absconditus in Lamentations 3», Vol. 91 (2010) 321-334
Lamentations reflects the silence of God. God seemingly does not act or speak. To some, this detachment represents an absence of God; to others, a «hiddenness» of God (Deus absconditus). Analysis of Lam 3,55-57, the crux interpretum for the divine silence, suggests the q strophe may break this oppressive silence. The strophe reflects an awareness of God who speaks. God stands in the background of the whole of life for this poet, emerging only fleetingly and in ways oblique. This perspective is similar to the ambiguous, indeterminate approach to reality in postmodernism. The divine Voice thus joins other voices in Lamentations.
325
POSTMODERNISM DEUS
AND THE ABSCONDITUS
ideologically by an intrusion of “divine discourse into what is
otherwise theologically troubling human speech†21. Furthermore,
the “I†voice vv. 48-66 may be the same as the voice at the
beginning of the poem. This leaves the “we†voice in vv. 40-47,
which is no doubt collective, and thus probably the voice of the
community. If the “I†voice is to be understood as collective,
however, then the “we†and the “I†voices in the poem are in a
sense identical.
This somewhat confusing array of anonymous voices no doubt
represents the communal struggle on individual and communal
levels with doubt, faith, and meaning in the aftermath of
Jerusalem’s destruction.
II. YHWH’s Voice in Lamentations 3?
Even if one finds problematic these vocal identifications in
Lam 3, Lam 3,19-33 is certainly an appeal to the traditional
theology of Israel that divine love (mercy) will eventually triumph
over divine wrath (justice) 22. Often overshadowed, Lam 3,55-57
represents the other accent of hope in this poem. It is in this q
strophe, if anywhere in Lamentations, that the divine Voice may be
found.
t/IyTjT r/Bm hwhˆ Úmv ytarq
Iˆ" i ; y ˆ i i ;;
yt[ˆvl ytjˆrl Úˆˆa ˆ l[TAla T[mv yl/q
i ; w" ˆ i : w "ˆ nz : μ e ˆ " " : ˆ : ; i
aryTAla Trma arˆ a μ/yB Tbrq
; I " : ˆ " : ; , ;q , ˆ ; ˆ " ;
I called upon your name, O YHWH, from the lowest pit;
My call you heard, “Do not cover your ear to my outcry 23, to my cryâ€!
You approached on a day when I called on you; you said, “Do not fearâ€!
Here, rather than in anticipation as in 3,19-33, the poet refers to
deliverance from a r/B, “pitâ€, “well†(3,53.55). Is this a previous
deliverance, or deliverance from the metaphorical present “pit†of
Jerusalem’s destruction and exile? Is this voice speaking of some
MANDOLFO, Daughter Zion Talks Back to the Prophets. A Dialogic
21
Theology of the Book of Lamentations (Atlanta, GA 2007) 72.
Cf. the cultic credo in Exod 34,6-7. “Mercy triumphs over judgmentâ€
22
(Jas 2,13).
hj:r “ respite â€, is awkward here. Something like “outcry†seems
23
:w ˆ
demanded, which is followed here.