04_Parker_222_244_222-244 10/07/15 12:41 Pagina 228 228 FLOYD O. PARKER JR. 228 this interpretation is correct, then the subject of the verb in both cases is more likely “all things”. II. Potential Meanings of “It” or “All Things” in John 19,30 1. The Meaning of “It” or “All Things” in the Scholarly Literature Since so many theories have been proposed for the meaning of “it” or “all things” in John 19,30, only a brief survey of the more commonly accepted and more likely views is possible in a paper of this length. The primary possibilities for the meaning of “it” (or in some cases “all things”) that have emerged from the literature are as follows: (1) the work that the Father sent Jesus to complete 17; (2) the fulfillment of the whole range of Messianic prophecies 18; (3) the fulfillment of the single prophecy, “I thirst” 19; (4) the love that Christ had for his disciples (John 13,1) that was fulfilled on the cross 20; (5) the combination of Jesus’ works, signs, and words 21; (6) the Tete,lestai. The expression of the consciousness, ver. 28”; PLUMMER, St John, 332, comments on 19,30: “Tete,lestai. Just as the thirst was there be- fore he expressed it, so the consciousness that His work was finished was there (John 19:28) before He declared it”; BERNARD, St. John, II, 639: “He cried Tete,lestai, that all might know that great fact of which He was Him- self assured, h;dh pa,nta tete,lestai”; G. DELLING, “te,loj, tele,w”, TDNT (Grand Rapids, MI 1983) VIII, 59; J.R. MICHAELS, John (Understanding the Bible Commentary Series; Grand Rapids, MI 2011), 328; G.M. BURGE, John (NIVAC; Grand Rapids, MI 2000) 529. 17 G. DALMON, Jesus – Jeshua. Studies in the Gospels (New York 1971) 218; PLUMMER, St John, 332; C.H. DODD, Historical Tradition in the Fourth Gospel (London 1963) 69, n. 2; 124; G. BAMPFYLDE, “John xix 28: A Case for a different translation”, NovT 11 (1969) 250; HUBBARD, “John 19:17-30”, 401; D.M. SMITH, The Theology of the Gospel of John (New Testament The- ology; New York 2005) 43; KEENER, John, II, 1148, seems to favor this view, but also mentions other options. 18 R.E. BROWN, The Gospel of John (xiii-xxi). Introduction, Translation and Notes (AB 29A; Garden City, NY 1970) II, 929; The Death of the Mes- siah, II, 1078: F.J. MOLONEY, “The Gospel of John: The ‘End’ of Scripture”, Int 63 (2009) 356-366. 19 J. CHRYSOSTOM, Homilies on the Gospel of Saint Matthew, 14.319. 20 E. HAENCHEN, A Commentary on the Gospel of John Chapters 7–21 (Hermeneia; Philadelphia, PA 1984) II, 194. 21 GUNDRY, “New Wine”, 292-294.