Floyd O. Parker, «Is the Subject of 'tetelestai' in John 19,30 'It' or 'All Things' ?» biblica, Vol. 96 (2015) 222-244 page 237

Vol 96 (2015)

Floyd O. Parker, «Is the Subject of 'tetelestai' in John 19,30 'It' or 'All Things' ?», Vol. 96 (2015) 222-244

This article attempts to demonstrate that the unexpressed subject of tete/lestai in John 19,30 is 'all things' (pa/nta) rather than 'it', and that this subject should be supplied from the phrase pa/nta tete/lestai found earlier in the passage (John 19,28). The essay also argues that the two occurrences of 'all things' (John 18,4 and 19,28.30) encapsulate the passion narrative, and that this phrase is related to other Johannine themes in content and time frame (i.e. the 'hour', the 'cup', and the Passover).

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04_Parker_222_244_222-244 10/07/15 12:41 Pagina 237 237 IS THE SUBJECT OF tete,lestai IN JOHN 19,30 “IT” OR “ALL THINGS” ? 237 This chiasm stands at the heart of the passion narrative, but it neither includes the earlier arrest in the garden nor extends so far as to encompass the climax of the story, the crucifixion itself. Although a good deal of attention has been given to the literary structure of John 18,28 – 19,16a (i.e. the seven scenes and the chi- asm), surprisingly little attention has been paid to the role of the two sections bracketing this chiasm (18,1-27; 19,16b-42) 54. A close analysis of these two blocks of material, hereafter designated the Introductory Stanza and the Concluding Stanza, reveals several sig- nificant conceptual and verbal correspondences between them: INTRODUCTORY STANZA, 18,1-27 ― OUTSIDE IN A GARDEN / A “PLACE” Jesus is in a garden (18,1, kh/poj) The garden is identified as a well-known “place” (18,2, to.n to,pon) Jesus is arrested by soldiers (18,3) Jesus knows “all things” that are coming upon him (18,4, VIhsou/j […] eivdw.j pa,nta) Identification of “Jesus of Nazareth” by soldiers (18,7, VIhsou/n to.n Nazwrai/on) Scripture is fulfilled (18,9, i[na plhrwqh/|) Jesus will drink the cup given by the Father (18,11) Jesus is taken and bound (18,12, sune,labon to.n VIhsou/n kai. e;dhsan auvto,n) Peter “stands” at the door (18,16, ei`sth,kei pro.j th/| qu,ra|) near the other disciple (18,15, a;lloj maqhth,j; 18,16, o` maqhth.j o` a;lloj) The high priest questions Jesus (18,19, o` […] avrciereu,j) CONCLUDING STANZA, 19,16B-42 ― OUTSIDE IN A GARDEN / A “PLACE” Identification of “Jesus of Nazareth” by means of an inscription (19,19, VIhsou/j o` Nazwrai/oj) The high priests question Pilate’s inscription (19,21, oi` avrcierei/j) Jesus is crucified by soldiers (19,23) Scriptures are fulfilled (19,24, i[na […] plhrwqh/|; 19,36, i[na […] plhrwqh/|) Mary and the beloved disciple “stand” at the cross (19,25, ei`sth,keisan de. para. tw/| staurw|/) 54 Much of the discussion of these surrounding sections has focused on the number of episodes or paragraphs within them; e.g. BROWN, John, II, 802- 803; BEASLEY – MURRAY, John, 321.