Sigurd Grindheim, «Faith in Jesus: The Historical Jesus and the Object of Faith», Vol. 97 (2016) 79-100
Did Jesus call his followers to believe in him? or did he merely call them to believe in God or in the contents of his teaching? This article examines the evidence found in the Synoptic Gospels and discusses its possible Christological implications in light of the Scriptures of Israel and the writings of Second Temple Judaism. If Jesus expected to be the object of his disciples’ faith, his expectation may be understood in light of his redefinition of messiahship. But he may also be seen to have placed himself in the role of God, who was the object of Israel’s faith in the Scriptures of Israel and in Second Temple Judaism.
Faith in Jesus 89
pisteu,w. Four of them specify christ as the object, with the preposi-
tion evn (eph 1,13), with the preposition evpi, (1 tim 1,16), with a dative
(2 tim 1,12), and with christ as the subject of the verb in the passive
voice (1 tim 3,16). there are two examples of the verb being used
without specifying the object of faith (eph 1,19; 2 thess 1,10); in one
case the object of faith is the testimony (2 thess 1,10), in one case
“what is false” (2 thess 2,11), in one case the truth (2 thess 2,12), and
in one case God (tit 3,8). on two occasions, the verb is used in the
passive voice, meaning “to be entrusted” (1 tim 1,11; tit 1,3).
the disputed paulines also count 51 occurrences of the noun
pi,stij, 44 of them without an object (eph 2,8; 3,12.17; 4,5.13;
6,16.23; col 1,23; 2,7; 2 thess 1,3.4.11; 3,2; 1 tim 1,2.4.5.14.19 [2x];
2,7.15; 3,9; 4,1.6.12; 5,8.12; 6,10.11.12.21; 2 tim 1,5.13; 2,18.22;
3,8.10; 4,7; tit 1,1.4.13; 2,2.10; 3,15). When an object is identified it
may be indicated with a genitive (the power of God: col 2,12; the
truth: 2 thess 2,13) or with the prepositions evn (the lord Jesus: eph
1,15; christ Jesus: col 1,4; 1 tim 3,13; 2 tim 3,15) and eivj (christ:
col 2,5).
in hebrews, the verb pisteu,w occurs twice, once with no specified
object (4,3) and once with the object in a o[ti clause (11,6). the noun
pi,stij occurs 32 times, 27 times without an object (heb 4,2; 6,12;
10,22.38.39; 11,4.5.7[2x].8.9.11.13.17.20.21.23.24.27.28.29.30.31.33.
39; 12,2; 13,7). technically, the occurrences of pi,stij in heb
11,1.3.6.22 also have no object, but it is implied that the object is
“things hoped for” and “things not seen” in heb 11,1, “that the worlds
were prepared by the word of God” in heb 11,3, “that [God] exists
and that he rewards those who seek him” in heb 11,6, and “the exo-
dus” in heb 11,22. in heb 6,1, God is identified as the object with
the preposition evpi,.
in James, the three occurrences of the verb concern faith in God,
either with a o[ti clause (2,19[2x]) or with a dative (in the quotation
from Gen 15,6 in Jas 2,23). there are 16 occurrences of the noun
pi,stij in James, 15 without an object (1,3.6; 2,5.14[2x].17.18[3x].20.
22[2x].24.26; 5,15). in 2,1, a genitive identifies “our glorious lord
Jesus christ” as the object.
First peter has one occurrence of the verb without an object (2,7),
one example of the object (christ) indicated with the preposition eivj
(1,8), and one scriptural quotation with the object following the prepo-
sition evpi, (isa 28,16 interpreted as referring to christ: 1 pet 2,6). the
same letter has five occurrences of the noun pi,stij, four of them with