Gregory T.K. Wong, «Psalm 73 as Ring Composition.», Vol. 97 (2016) 16-40
This article seeks to analyse the structure of Psalm 73 as a ring composition based on characteristics identified by Mary Douglas. With special attention paid to key structural markers used throughout the psalm, it will be argued that Psalm 73 is an elegant and almost perfect ring, with the introductory and concluding sections merging into each other and closely interconnected with a middle turning point. The rest of the psalm is arranged chiastically with matching parallel sections on either side of the turning point.
22 GreGOrY T.K. WOnG
works”, the precise content of that work remains unspecified. rather
than having God’s general intervention in the world in mind, perhaps
the psalmist was thinking more narrowly about the insight he has
just gained from his recent experience. After all, twice within the
psalm he has spoken of a desire to “recount” (rps). Apart from v. 28b,
the other instance is in v. 15, where what he wanted to recount is also
only vaguely stated as “thus” (wmk) 20. But in context, wmk likely refers
to the psalmist’s complaints in vv. 13-14 and may even include his
observations about the apparent prosperity of the wicked in vv. 4-12.
If so, what the psalmist considered recounting midway through the
psalm would be his observations and experiences up to that point,
even though he ultimately refrained from doing so out of a reluctance
to cause God’s people to stumble.
now at the end of the psalm, the psalmist again speaks of recount-
ing, only this time without any reservations on account of new insights
gained. If the contrast between the two uses of rps is deliberate, then
to the extent that the first rps concerns observations and experiences
expressed in the first half of the psalm, the second most likely con-
cerns corresponding insights and perspectives gained in the second
half. If so, then the very composition of this psalm, and in particular
the proclamation of God’s goodness in v. 1 that encapsulates the
psalm’s primary testimony, would in a very real sense constitute a con-
crete fulfilment of the vow made in v. 28b.
still, when Douglas speaks of the joining of the beginning and the
end in a ring, she is referring not simply to connections between the
first and last clauses, but to connections between entire rhetorical units
which she calls “sections” 21. Therefore to make a convincing case that
the beginning and end of Psalm 73 are indeed connected to form
a ring, one must broadly consider the introductory and concluding
sections in their entirety. however, to do so, one must first determine
the boundaries of these sections.
Determining the boundaries of the concluding section is perhaps
the easier task, as there seems to be general consensus that vv. 27-28
serve as the conclusion of the entire psalm 22. It is generally observed
20
For wmk, WeIser, Psalms, 505-506; KrAus, Psalms 60–150, 83-84, 87;
AuFFreT, “Étude structurelle”, 245; nJB, among others, have chosen to emend
the text to read ~hk “like them”. But evidence in support of the emendation is
weak, and the MT makes good sense.
21
DOuGLAs, Thinking in Circles, 36-38.
22
To be sure, CLIFFOrD, Psalms 73–150, 16-17; TATe, Psalms 51–100, 232;