Gregory T.K. Wong, «Psalm 73 as Ring Composition.», Vol. 97 (2016) 16-40
This article seeks to analyse the structure of Psalm 73 as a ring composition based on characteristics identified by Mary Douglas. With special attention paid to key structural markers used throughout the psalm, it will be argued that Psalm 73 is an elegant and almost perfect ring, with the introductory and concluding sections merging into each other and closely interconnected with a middle turning point. The rest of the psalm is arranged chiastically with matching parallel sections on either side of the turning point.
26 GreGOrY T.K. WOnG
v. 3 and v. 12 apparently form an inclusio that frames the entire unit,
as both verses refer to “the wicked” (~y[vr) and describe them using
a phonologically and semantically similar word-pair: ~wlv (“peace/
prosperity”) in v. 3 and ywlvw (“at ease”) in v. 12 34. Illman’s analysis
of the particle yk as one of the structural markers occurring at the
beginning of new rhetorical units also lends support to the view that a
break occurs at the end of v. 2, since v. 3 begins with yk 35.
Others, however, have located the unit break for the section at the
end of v. 3 36. After all, the confession of nearly falling in v. 2 demands
further explanation, without which the psalm’s introduction would
have left unmentioned the main issue that the psalm seeks to address.
In addition, v. 3 appears to be a summary statement formally distinct
from the detailed explanation that follows. Lastly, the fact that the
yk at the beginning of v. 3 appears to be causal also suggests logical
continuity with what precedes in v. 2.
Furthermore, while structurally one can point to the inclusio that
frames v. 3 and v. 12 as support for taking vv. 3-12 as a self-contained
rhetorical unit, Auffret has shown in one of his more convincing
analyses that vv. 4-12 actually forms an effective chiasm, thus leaving
v. 3 outside this chiastic structure and so free to be joined with vv.
1-2 as part of the psalm’s introduction 37.
In addition, vv. 4-12 are characterised by the consistent use of
third person verbs and subject references with not a single first person
RQ 17 (1974) 162-184, here 163; ILLMAn, “Til tolkningen”, 123-124; CLIFFOrD,
Psalms 73–150, 16; COLe, Shape and Message, 20; BOADT, “Panels”, 538-539.
34
PerDue, Wisdom and Cult, 289; CLIFFOrD, Psalms 73–150, 16; COLe, Shape
and Message, 19. This is also noted by AuFFreT, “Étude structurelle”, 246-249,
who initially proposes a chiastic structure with v. 3 and v. 12 as the outer frame.
But Auffret (249-253) subsequently embraces an alternative chiastic arrangement
encompassing vv. 1-15 over his original proposal.
35
ILLMAn, “Til tolkningen”, 123-124.
36
rhODes, Psalms, 108; A.A. AnDersOn, The Book of Psalms. 2 vols. (nCB;
London 1972) 530; sTuhLMueLLer, Psalms 73–150, 11; AuFFreT, “Étude struc-
turelle”, 249-251; sChAeFer, Psalms, 178. In addition, although MCCAnn, “Psalm
73”, 249, sees vv. 1-12 as the first of three major sections in the psalm, he also
sets vv. 1-3 apart from vv. 4-12 as a subdivision within this major section.
37
AuFFreT, “Étude structurelle”, 247, 249-251. Although Auffret tends to rely
somewhat too heavily on indirectly related but stereotypically parallel word-pairs,
such as “eye” and “mouth” or “to know” and “to speak”, in arguing for chiastic
structures, in his treatment of vv. 4-12, the attention he calls to the contrasting !ya
and vy in v. 5 and v. 11 and to the identical opening with !kl and closing with wml
in v. 6 and v. 10 adds considerable weight to his analysis.