Gregory T.K. Wong, «Psalm 73 as Ring Composition.», Vol. 97 (2016) 16-40
This article seeks to analyse the structure of Psalm 73 as a ring composition based on characteristics identified by Mary Douglas. With special attention paid to key structural markers used throughout the psalm, it will be argued that Psalm 73 is an elegant and almost perfect ring, with the introductory and concluding sections merging into each other and closely interconnected with a middle turning point. The rest of the psalm is arranged chiastically with matching parallel sections on either side of the turning point.
PsALM 73 As rInG COMPOsITIOn 23
that in vv. 27-28a insights gained in the second half of the psalm,
which brought an end to the psalmist’s struggles in the first half, are
succinctly summarised. Thus, while the psalmist’s realization about
the precarious situation of the wicked in vv. 18-20 is summarised in v.
27 through a prediction about their ultimate destruction, his renewed
appreciation of an intimate relationship with God in vv. 21-26 is en-
capsulated in his declaration in v. 28a of how good it is to be near to
him. here, the use of the semantically contrastive root-pair, qxr
(“far”) in v. 27 and brq (“near”) in v. 28a, ties the two statements to-
gether into a close relationship 23. As for v. 28b, a declaration of trust
and a vow to recount God’s works probably represent the psalmist’s
personal response to his new insight.
rhetorically, the demarcation of the concluding section at the
beginning of v. 27 is also supported by the structural markers hnh-yk.
In this regard, more will be said about the psalmist’s use of the parti-
cles $a, yk, and hnh as structural markers. For now, it will suffice
to point out that $a and yk appear to be used as a complementary pair
to mark section beginnings, while hnh appears to be an occasional
marker to signal conclusions 24. The combination of hnh-yk at the be-
ginning of v. 27 thus seems to simultaneously mark v. 27 both as the
beginning of a new rhetorical unit (through yk) and as the concluding
section for the entire psalm (through hnh).
Determining the boundaries of the introductory section is some-
what more complicated. While the section obviously begins at v. 1,
it is less clear where it ends. In this regard, almost half of those sur-
veyed favour taking v. 1 as a stand-alone introduction to the psalm.
These justify their decision by noting a break in sense between v. 1
and v. 2, with v. 1 stating the overall theme for the whole psalm,
and v. 2 introducing the psalmist’s plight 25. That v. 2 begins with a
WITTe, “Auf dem Weg”, 18-20; BOADT, “Panels”, 538-539 all see a break between
v. 27 and v. 28. While Witte’s decision is based primarily on redactional con-
siderations, none of the others have provided strong justification for their
positions.
23
For use of this pair of words in other closely contrastive contexts, see
Pss 22,12; 119,150; Prov 5,8; Isa 46,13; 54,14.
24
By “occasional”, I am referring to the fact that hnh does not occur at the
conclusion of every major rhetorical unit within the psalm, but appears only at v.
12 for vv. 4-12, v. 15 for vv. 13-15, and v. 27 for the conclusion of the entire psalm.
25
M. BuBer, Right and Wrong. An Interpretation of some Psalms (London
1952) 37-38; L.G. PerDue, Wisdom and Cult. A Critical Analysis of the view of
Cult in Wisdom Literature of Israel and the Ancient near east (sBLDs 30; Mis-