Robert L. Mowery, «Paul and Caristanius at Pisidian Antioch», Vol. 87 (2006) 223-242
A recently-published Latin inscription from Pisidian Antioch refers to four
benefactions that a prominent citizen named Caristanius had provided to fulfill a
vow on behalf of the emperor Claudius. Since this inscription refers to the year
45/46 CE, it refers to benefactions that may have been provided near the time
when Paul arrived in the city. After surveying the contents of this inscription and
reviewing scholarly opinion concerning the date when Paul arrived, this paper
reflects on the ethnic diversity of first century Pisidian Antioch, the religious
beliefs reflected in Caristanius’ vow, the likely impact of his benefactions on the
residents of the city, and the possibility that he may have been one of “the leading
men of the city” mentioned in Acts 13,50.
224 Robert L. Mowery
the year 45/46. The wording of this first section is conventional;
various other inscriptions created during Claudius’ principate refer to
him in essentially the same manner, varying only in the specific offices
or honors that are mentioned (5).
The second section of this inscription indicates that Caristanius
and his children had made a vow to an unidentified deity on behalf of
Claudius’ safety (incolumitas) and victory (victoria) during the
invasion of Britain (6). Claudius left Rome for Britain during the year
43, and he returned to Rome in triumph sometime during the initial
months of 44 (7). Caristanius presumably would not have learned about
Claudius’ safe return until some later date in the year 44 (8).
The third section of this inscription claims that Caristanius fulfilled
his vow by providing four benefactions: a statue, games, sacrifices,
and venatio (9).
1. The inscription is inscribed on a statue base. This base, which is
2.51 meters long, ranks among the largest statue bases found at
Pisidian Antioch, and the manner in which the top and bottom were
finished (anathyrose) suggests that the statue stood on a plinth that
rested on the base which rested in turn on another block. Given the size
of the base and the use of both a plinth and another block, it must be
assumed that the statue was quite large. After rejecting the possibility
that the statue was Victoria Britannica, Christol, Drew-Bear and
Taslialan argue that it must have been a more than life-like repres-
entation of Claudius, and they wonder if portions of this huge statue
may be found among the unidentified fragments of large statues at
Pisidian Antioch (10).
2. Caristanius also provided ludi iuvenales, games involving
youth. Games involving youth had been part of the dedication ritual of
(5) Cf. CHRISTOL – DREW-BEAR – TASLIALAN, “L’empereurâ€, 3. Claudius
assumed the name Tiberius Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus at the
beginning of his principate.
(6) Lines 6-10 of the inscription plus the first word of line 11.
(7) See H. HALFMANN, Itinera principum. Geschichte und Typologie der
Kaiserreisen im Römischen Reich (Stuttgart 1986) 172-173; LEVICK, Claudius,
137-146; G. WEBSTER, The Roman Invasion of Britain (London – New York
1993) 94-110.
(8) There is no evidence that he was a member of the invasion force or that he
had recently traveled to Rome.
(9) The final two words of line 11 and lines 12-13 of the inscription.
(10) “L’empereurâ€, 3, 17-18. For a survey of the surviving pieces, see D.M.
ROBINSON, “Roman Sculptures from Colonia Caesarea (Pisidian Antioch)â€, Art
Bulletin 9 (1926) 41-45.