226 Robert L. Mowery Did Paul arrive in Pisidian Antioch near this time? Section 2 will review the scholarly answers to this question. 2. The Date of the Pauline Mission in Pisidian Antioch Acts 13 tells the story of the first mission of Paul and Barnabas in Pisidian Antioch. After arriving in the city, the apostles entered “the” synagogue on a sabbath (vv. 14b-15), where Paul delivered a lengthy speech (vv. 16-41). Although his message was initially well-received (vv. 42-43), opposition arose, culminating in the expulsion of the apostles from the territory (vv. 44-50). After shaking the dust off their feet, the apostles went on to Iconium (v. 51). Acts explicitly claims that Paul traveled to Pisidian Antioch on one other occasion. After narrating the apostles’ activity in Iconium, Lystra and Derbe, the author declared that the apostles returned to Lystra, Iconium and Pisidian Antioch (14,21-23) (18). Passages in two other chapters should also be noted. Acts 16,6 claims that Paul and Silas went through “the Phrygian and Galatian region”, while Acts 18,23 states that Paul went through “the Galatian region and Phrygia”. While neither of these passages mentions Pisidian Antioch, the references to Phrygia may point to activity in that city, for Pisidian Antioch was in Phrygia (19). 2 Tim 3,11 provides an additional reference to the persecution endured by Paul in Pisidian Antioch, Iconium and Lystra. This passage is important, for it appears to preserve an independent tradition concerning the Pauline mission in these cities (20). In light of this passage and the various passages in Acts cited above, it is reasonable to conclude that Paul not only evangelized Pisidian Antioch but also faced persecution in that city. While the passages cited above variously identify the missionaries (18) Pisidian Antioch is also mentioned in Acts 14,19. (19) See J.M. SCOTT, Paul and the Nations. The Old Testament and Jewish Background of Paul’s Mission to the Nations with Special Reference to the Destination of Galatians (WUNT 84; Tübingen 1995) 194-199; C. BREYTENBACH, Paulus und Barnabas in der Provinz Galatien. Studien zu Apostelgeschichte 13f.; 16,6; 18,23 und den Adressaten des Galaterbriefes (AGJU 38; Leiden 1996) 117- 119; J. MURPHY-O’CONNOR, Paul. A Critical Life (Oxford 1996) 25-28, 161-162; R. RIESNER, Paul’s Early Period. Chronology, Mission Strategy, Theology (Grand Rapids 1998) 281-286. (20) See G. LÜDEMANN, Early Christianity according to the Traditions in Acts. A Commentary (Minneapolis 1989) 157; C.J. HEMER, The Book of Acts in the Setting of Hellenistic History (ed. C.H. GEMPF) (Tübingen 1989) 184; BREYTENBACH, Paulus, 47.