Paul and Caristanius at Pisidian Antioch 229 All of these scholars assume that Paul arrived in Pisidian Antioch sometime during the years 43-49, and most argue that he arrived sometime during 45-48 (35). If Paul arrived sometime during these years, he would have arrived near the year (45/46) referred to by Caristanius’ inscription. 3. Various other scholars either fail to propose a date for the mission in south Galatia or doubt that this mission, if historical, can be dated. While Martyn, for example, assumes that Paul evangelized Galatia during the years 48-49, he is referring to a presumed mission in cities like Ankara and Pessinus in north Galatia rather than a mission in Pisidian Antioch and other cities in south Galatia (36). Hyldahl does not even include the mission to south Galatia in his proposed Pauline chronology (37). Barring the discovery of sensational new evidence, we will never be able to confirm the year when (or if) Paul arrived in Pisidian Antioch. Nevertheless, as shown by our survey of scholarly opinion, many scholars have argued that Paul arrived sometime during the years 45-48. If Paul arrived during these years (or returned during these years), he would have been in Pisidian Antioch near the time when Caristanius fulfilled his vow by providing four public benefactions. If this is the case, this inscription can be read as a valuable new source regarding the political, social and religious context faced by Paul during his mission in Pisidian Antioch. 3. Reflections The first section of this article has reviewed the contents of Caristanius’ inscription, while the second section has surveyed scholarly opinion regarding the date of the Pauline mission in Pisidian Antioch. The third section will explore the significance of Caristanius’ inscription for New Testament studies. Four topics will be considered: (35) See also J. BECKER, Paul. Apostle to the Gentiles (Louisville 1993) 22, 31, and U. SCHNELLE, The History and Theology of the New Testament Writings (Minneapolis 1998) 23-27. K.P. DONFRIED, Paul, Thessalonica, and Early Christianity (Grand Rapids – Cambridge 2002) 100, calls 47-48 CE the “traditional dating” for the first missionary journey. (36) See J.L. MARTYN, Galatians (AB 33A; New York 1997) 15-18, 180-186. His reconstruction of Paul’s activity during the years 38-48 seems to exclude the likelihood that Paul preached in south Galatia during the 30s. (37) N. HYLDAHL, Die paulinische Chronologie (AThD 19; Leiden 1986) 121- 122.