Philippe Guillaume - Michael Schunck, «Job’s Intercession: Antidote to Divine Folly», Vol. 88 (2007) 457-472
This paper pinpoints how divine folly and human intercession mentioned in Job 42,8 are key concepts to unravel the meaning of the Book of Job. The Epilogue does not restore Job in his former position. Job is not healed but receives a new role as intercessor on behalf of his friends and by extension on behalf of everyone less perfect than he is. Understanding misfortune as the consequence of inescapable bouts of divine folly is the Joban way to account for humanity’s inability to comprehend the divinity.
458 Philippe Guillaume – Michael Schunck
restored the fortunes of Job†(Job 42,10) (4), although the careful listing
of assets makes the failure to mention Job’s healing all the more
conspicuous. Damage to material possessions, including children,
incurred during the first onslaught of tribulations was compensated,
but the satan’s second assault left Job with serious after-effects.
Ancient readers were aware of the problem and sometimes filled in the
blank with descriptions of the circumstances of Job’s healing (5). Yet,
the narrator presents something other than a complete restoration, only
partially fulfilling the expectations of seeing Job restored to square one
raised in the dialogues (6). Job keeps his hand on his mouth (Job 40,4)
and fades away as the narrator shifts the focus onto the divine
character whose final status is crucial to the purpose of the entire book
and to the religious concerns of its audience.
2. Divine Folly Revealed
As the final verses of the book describe Job’s material recovery
(Job 42,10-17), the attention lingers over the three beautiful daughters
and their delicious names. This sugar-coating helps the audience
swallow the bitter pills contained in verses 7-9. The key to the
Epilogue and possibly to the whole book is found in YHWH’s speech
to Eliphaz who is informed that unless he and his friends offer
holocausts while Job intercedes for them, YHWH would commit a
folly against them (Job 42,8). The syntax of verse 8 presents some
difficulties although the meaning of hlbn µkm[ twç[ is clear: “to do with
you a follyâ€. The different translations result from the translators’
uneasiness with the obvious meaning of the words. Comparing Job’s
wife to foolish women (twlbn Job 2,10) and attributing folly to the
outcasts (lbnAynb Job 30,8) poses no problem to translators who are
(4) S. TERRIEN, Job (Neuchâtel 1963) 272-273.
(5) The Testament of Job is conscious of the problem and mentions the
healing at the beginning of YHWH’s answer to Job (TestJob 47,5-6, quoting Job
38,3; 40,7). As he challenged Job to gird himself like a man, God supplies magic
girdles that heal Job right then. Job then bestows the girdles to his daughters as
inheritance: P. MACHINIST, “Job’s Daughters and their Inheritance in the
Testament of Job and its Biblical Congenersâ€, The Echoes of Many Texts (eds
W.G. DEVER – E.J. WRIGHT) (Atlanta 1997) 76. The Quran does not state that Job
was healed (38,41-43). In later tradition, Job is cured in the river that flowed
where he stomped his foot. See J.-F. LEGRAIN, “Variations musulmanes sur le
thème de Jobâ€, Bulletin d’études orientales 37-38 (1985-1986) 51-114.
(6) G. WILSON, “Preknowledge, Anticipation and the Poetics of Jobâ€, JSOT
30 (2005) 246.