Philippe Guillaume - Michael Schunck, «Job’s Intercession: Antidote to Divine Folly», Vol. 88 (2007) 457-472
This paper pinpoints how divine folly and human intercession mentioned in Job 42,8 are key concepts to unravel the meaning of the Book of Job. The Epilogue does not restore Job in his former position. Job is not healed but receives a new role as intercessor on behalf of his friends and by extension on behalf of everyone less perfect than he is. Understanding misfortune as the consequence of inescapable bouts of divine folly is the Joban way to account for humanity’s inability to comprehend the divinity.
Job’s Intercession: Antidote to Divine Folly 461
narrator does not hesitate to name YHWH as the author of the evil that
destroyed Job’s wealth and health. At first, when the friends heard
about all the evil that befell Job, they came to comfort him and then
argued about the cause of that evil (Job 2,11). At the end, family and
acquaintances comfort Job from the consequences of the evil that
YHWH caused him (Job 42,11). There is thus no reason to deny the
existence of divine folly. It is no more troubling than depicting YHWH
as deceptive (1 Kgs 22,19-23; Jer 20,7-13; Ezek 14,1-14)(17), as the
giver of laws that are not good (Ezek 20,25) or as the creator of evil
(Isa 45,7).
3. Job’s Innocence Confirmed
The narrator wisely anticipated that divine folly may be too much
for some readers. Hence, the first part of chapter 42 is couched in such
a way as to let troubled readers (mis)understand Job’s final tirade as a
confession of sins by a repentant Job. It has long been recognized that
in Job 42,1-6 Job confesses his ignorance but nowhere relents, repents,
repudiates his words or shows any remorse (18). Even if the one who
spoke without knowledge is identified with Job (19), it does not
necessarily turn Job into a sinner since words spoken “without
knowledge†(Job 42,8) may nevertheless be correct (20). Yet, many
readers need a culprit and blame Job to alleviate the pain that blaming
God would entail (21). However, the kethib/qere in 42,2 makes it
difficult to decide who knows what and the reader of Job 42,1-6 is
soon entangled in a web of possibilities that leaves him as ignorant a
Job himself (22). The consonantal text lkwt lk yk t[dy “you know that
you can all†is non-committal compared to “I know you are
omnipotentâ€. Is Job the one hiding counsel (verse 3) or is it YHWH?
That Job sees God with one eye (yny[ Job 42,5) is a shaky textual basis
to establish Job’s conversion or complete change of perspective. If Job
(17) N.R. BOWEN, “Can God Be Trusted?†A Feminist Companion to the
Latter Prophets (ed. A. BRENNER) (Sheffield 1995) 354-365.
(18) D.A. PATRICK, “Job’s Address of Godâ€, ZAW 91 (1979) 268-281.
(19) Job 38,2; 42,3: J.J. BIMSON, “Who is ‘this’ in “Who is this…?â€, JSOT 87
(2000) 125-128.
(20) C.A. NEWSOM, The Book of Job (Oxford 2003) 257.
(21) H. PYPER, “The Reader in Pain: Job as Text and Pretextâ€, Text as Pretext.
Essays in Honour of Robertson Davidson (ed. R.P. CARROLL) (Sheffield 1992)
234-255.
(22) Analysed by E.J. VAN WOLDE, “Job 42,1-6: the Reversal of Jobâ€, The
Book of Job (ed. W.A.M. BEUKEN) (BETL 114; Leuven 1994) 223-250.