Gesila Nneka Uzukwu, «Gal 3,28 and its Alleged Relationship to Rabbinic Writings», Vol. 91 (2010) 370-392
Scholars have suggested that Gal 3,28 is comparable to similar sayings found in rabbinic writings, and that the latter can help in interpreting and understanding the meaning and theology of Gal 3,28. In this study we have analysed and compared the alleged similar sayings found in Jewish texts and Gal 3,28 in order to demonstrate that Gal 3,28 is neither literally nor thematically related to the former, and we should not allow the alleged similar sayings found in rabbinic writings to influence our reading of Gal 3,28. Both texts reflect the conceptual uses of pairs of opposites in the Greco-Roman tradition, but at the same time, their subsequent usages or occurrences in Jewish and Christian texts came into being independently from one another.
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GAL 3,28 AND ITS ALLEGED RELATIONSHIP TO RABBINIC WRITINGS
between the two sources in question. Second, the historical and so-
cial circumstances surrounding the origin of the three expressions
of gratitude found in Greek texts and the three blessings of grat-
itude found in rabbinic literature are strikingly different. In our ex-
amination of the three expressions of gratitude found in Greek
writings and their alleged relationship with Gal 3,28, we noted that
there are two variant forms of the sayings (one of the sayings was
attributed to Socrates and the other to Plato respectively) and our
detailed comparison of these two sayings helped us in explaining
the different emphasis of the sources, their function, meaning as
well as their implications for understanding the view of women in
antiquity. Compared with the three expressions of gratitude found
in Greek texts, the three blessings of gratitude found in rabbinic
writings have their independent historical, social and religious sit-
uations.
c) Relation between the Greek expressions of gratitude and the
rabbinic blessings
Given the above observations, the question arises as to what
kind of relationship the three expressions found in Greek writings
share with the three blessings found in rabbinic literature? Or
rather, how can the three expressions of gratitude found in Greek
texts provide the original setting or the background of the three
blessings of gratitude found in rabbinic literature?
In our view, there are two answers to these questions: the first
is a possible influence of a cultural context. It may be considered
that the structure and content of the three blessings of gratitude
found in rabbinic writings were influenced by the widespread
culture of the time, i.e., the tradition of using pairs of opposites to
divide and identify realities. Or it could be the tradition of using
three major pairs of opposites to view the human person from the
perspective of what is perceived as good or bad. In our study of
the three expressions of gratitude found in Greek writings, we
noted that the idea of what is good or bad shaped the meaning of
the three sayings attributed to Socrates and to Plato respectively.
We also noted that in Gal 3,28 there were three pairs of opposites.
But our view was that the way in which Paul employs the pairs of
opposites found in Gal 3,28 is uniquely Pauline. Different
structures of these alleged three pairs of opposites were found in 1