354 ÉTIENNE NODET with some omissions and changes; various details from Exod-Deut are added. The chronological frame is a kind of solar year of 364 days (Jub 6 :33-38) and the history of the world is computed in periods of 50 years, between Jubilees. The days are reckoned from the morning, while in the lunar calendar they start in the evening, for the new month begins at sunset. The lunar rhythm of the months is ignored, but nothing is said of the adjustments necessary to match the actual natural year. Charles connected the work to the Pharisees, and dated it to the period following the Maccabean crisis, in the II cent. BCE. The Damascus Document, a Hebrew text first discovered some time before 1900 in the geniza of the Qaraite synagogue of Cairo 12, cites as an authority this very Book of the Division of Times (CD 16 :2-4). It is stated that Israel has corrupted the Sabbaths and f e s t i va l s , and forgotten the secrets (CD 13 :14 -15 ) . A new community, called the Covenant, has been created or sponsored by a Teacher of Righteousness (CD 1:7-10). According to CD 3 :18- 4 :4, it includes priests, Levites, sons of Zadok and candidates 13 (μyrg “ foreigners ”), with a reference to Ezek 44,15 quoted as “the priests and the Levites and the sons of Zadok” 14. Obviously, this Covenant followed the book referred to, but the commentators were at a loss, since the only “sons of Zadok” known at that time were the Sadducees of Josephus and the NT, who could hardly be taken as faithful heirs of any kind of Pharisees. The Qumran caves have delivered fragments of these two texts, as well as of many others in which the same calendar is in use. 1902) ; J. C. VANDERKAM, The Book of Jubilees. A Critical Text (Leuven 1989). S. SCHECHTER, Documents of Jewish Sectaries, Edited from Hebrew 12 MSS. in the Cairo Genizah Collection (Cambridge 1910) II. For the Qumran versions, see P.R. DAVIES, The Damascus Covenant. An Interpretation of the “ Damascus Document” (JSOTSup 25; Sheffield 1983). This matches the four Essene “classes” mentioned by Josephus (War 13 2 :150), without any status by birth; for a different view, see D. R. SCHWARTZ, “ ‘To Join Oneself to the House of Judah’ (Damascus Document IV11) ”, RQ 10 , (1979) 435-446. Which may be the original form. The MT reads qwdx ynb μyywlh μynhbhw, 14 followed by the LXX. It cannot be concluded that the high priests from Zadok t h r o u g h the last Oniads were “Zadokites”, see É. NODET, L a crise maccabéenne (Paris 2005) 242-254.