199 THE LAST BEATITUDE. JOY SUFFERING IN To these texts of IL studied by Nauck, Millauer adds two of 4 Ezra 67. They deal with admonition about punishing the evildoers in the expectation of the eschatological age: “ At the end (...) the whole earth, freed from your violence, may be refreshed and relieved and may hope for the judgment and mercy of him who made it” (11,37-46) 68 and “ But he will deliver in mercy the remnant of my people, who have been saved throughout my borders and he will make them joyful until the end comes, the day of judgment, of which I spoke to you at the beginning” (12,34) 69. Both texts look at the future reward (element D), yet they do not hint at the tests that people had undergone. The passage is talking about the coming of a Messianic era after a final punishment, whose characteristic would be the fulness of joy. There is neither an explicit reference to suffering nor a r e l a t i o n s h i p between the period of the author and the eschatological, Messianic age. c) Qumran Literature There are some texts of QL close to the psalms 70, where joy comes along with praise and glory 71. Other texts contain also the pain and toil that afterwards would be transformed into joy. However, recent better editions of QL show how some of them deal with the sorrow and humiliation of enemies instead of with one’s own 72. 1QS 10,17 “ When distress is unleashed I shall praise Him (wnllha hrx htphb), just as I shall sing to Him for his deliverance (hnnra wt[wçybw). To no Cf. MILLAUER, Leiden als Gnade, 176-177. 67 Text : B. METZGER, “4 Ezra”, The Old Testament Pseudepigrapha I, 549. 68 Cf. METZGER, 4 Ezra 550. 69 They are: 1 QM 1,8-9; 12,13-15; 13,12-16; 14,4; 17,6-9; 1 QS 4,6-7; 1 QH 70 12,21-22 ; 1 QSb 2. All of them are classified as texts about joy after suffering : Cf. MILLAUER, Leiden als Gnade, 168. jmç occurs 168 times in QL; 48 Èbr times ; 32 lyg times. 71 Texts of QL are taken from, The Dead Sea Scrolls. Study Edition (eds. 72 F. GARCÍA MARTÍNEZ – E.J.C. TIGCHELAAR) (Leiden/Boston/Köln 1997-8). Compared with former translations, the differences are marked in 1QM 1,8-9; 13,12-16 ; 14,4; 17,6-9. The same thing happens with 1QH 9,24-8 whose theme of toil is evident, but not the coming joy.