04_Parker_222_244_222-244 29/07/15 11:02 Pagina 225 225 IS THE SUBJECT OF tete,lestai IN JOHN 19,30 “IT” OR “ALL THINGS” ? 225 a few verses apart (John 19,28.30), thereby increasing the likelihood that the author intended the first subject to be resupplied at the sec- ond occurrence of the verb (an argument from proximity). The argument from proximity is strengthened even further if John 19,28b-29 is regarded as a parenthetical statement 10. The fol- lowing arrangement of verses indents this material, encloses the potentially parenthetical section, and emphasizes the two occur- rences of the verb tele,w: 28 Meta. tou/to eivdw.j o` VIhsou/j o[ti h;dh pa,nta tete,lestai( (i[na teleiwqh/| h` grafh,( le,gei\ diyw/Å 29 skeu/oj e;keito o;xouj mesto,n\ spo,ggon ou=n mesto.n tou/ o;xouj u`ssw,pw| periqe,ntej prosh,negkan auvtou/ tw/| sto,mati) 30 o[te ou=n e;laben to. o;xoj Îo`Ð VIhsou/j ei=pen\ tete,lestai( kai. kli,naj th.n kefalh.n pare,dwken to. pneu/maÅ This arrangement of the passage reveals the purpose of the sec- ond occurrence of tete,lestai: it is resumptive in nature, picking up again the original thread of thought from 19,28a after the brief excursus in which Jesus drank the vinegar and fulfilled prophecy. Hubbard proposed yet another solution to account for the ab- sence of the subject in 19,30 which appears to be a hybrid of the two views presented above. He argues that the subject of tete,lestai is left unstated for theological reasons rather than for syntactical ones. He writes: All things, indeed, is so all-embracing a term that it needs no parallel in the final cry. “It is finished” stands by itself with no stated subject and means that the total task set by the Father, with all its ramifica- tions, has been so thoroughly accomplished by Jesus’ absolute faith- fulness that nothing is left undone. It means more even than that. It not only looks back to what Jesus has achieved, it also looks for- ward, as the perfect tense in Greek can do, to what will yet be achieved. Jesus dies not only because he has done the Father’s will, 10 Several scholars have noted that tete,lestai brackets the statement con- cerning Jesus’ thirst. See R.E. BROWN, The Death of the Messiah (ABRL; New York, NY 1994) II, 1071, 1077; R.L. BRAWLEY, “An Absent Complement and Intertextuality in John 19:28-29” JBL 112 (1993) 427; L.TH. WITKAMP, “Jesus’ Thirst in John 19:28-30: Literal or Figurative?” JBL 115 (1996) 493; C.S. KEENER, The Gospel of John. A Commentary (Peabody, MA 2003) II, 1445.