Gregory T.K. Wong, «Psalm 73 as Ring Composition.», Vol. 97 (2016) 16-40
This article seeks to analyse the structure of Psalm 73 as a ring composition based on characteristics identified by Mary Douglas. With special attention paid to key structural markers used throughout the psalm, it will be argued that Psalm 73 is an elegant and almost perfect ring, with the introductory and concluding sections merging into each other and closely interconnected with a middle turning point. The rest of the psalm is arranged chiastically with matching parallel sections on either side of the turning point.
PsALM 73 As rInG COMPOsITIOn 17
First, as analyses multiply, there is sometimes a tendency to over-
complicate. For example, while I find Auffret’s multiple layers of chi-
astic arrangements ingenious in many ways, it strikes me as perhaps
too complex to be readily grasped by the originally intended audience 3.
After all, if literary structure functions primarily to provide clues that
facilitate comprehension of meaning, then the simpler the structure,
the more effective it will be. For this reason, what I aim to propose
is a simple and elegant structure that does not require complicated
manoeuvres for understanding the relationships between subsections.
second, while recent analyses have rightly paid greater attention
to the use of repetitions and structural markers to guide the division
of the psalm into subsections, at times such considerations seem to
have come at the expense of the logical flow of thought. As a result, a
section division is sometimes introduced where logic would not have
naturally called for one. Allen’s placement of a section division at v. 5
to fit his perceived pattern of repetition is an obvious example 4. In the
following analysis, I aim to give equal regard to form and content,
so that any structural division proposed will simultaneously make
sense from either perspective.
Third, in identifying structural markers, very often the mere repe-
tition of specific words at strategic locations is deemed sufficient for
them to be designated structural markers. If a word so designated hap-
pens to be rare or highly marked, then obviously nothing more is
required. But if the designated marker happens to be a commonly
occurring particle, pronoun, or pronominal suffix, then one should be
prepared either to show how every single occurrence is structurally
significant, or to explain clearly why only certain occurrences matter
and others do not. unfortunately, in many of the existing analyses, not
every single occurrence of a designated structural marker is accounted
for, so that, as a result, the inconsistency weakens the analysis. In the
following analysis, I aim to provide comprehensive discussions of
all structural markers identified, so that it will become clear why a
commonly occurring word is considered structurally significant only
in some instances but not in others.
Finally and perhaps most significantly, while the majority of ex-
isting analyses seek to understand the structure of the psalm in terms
of panels arranged in a linear fashion, I will attempt to make a case
3
For his extremely complicated structural diagrams, see AuFFreT, “Étude
structurelle”, 255, 261, 266, 269, 272.
4
ALLen, “Psalm 73”, 100-102.