194 BERNARDO ESTRADA Moreover, Selwyn showed that, according to those texts, Christians rejoice not despite their recent distress but because of it 45. It was, however, W. Nauck who concentrated on the elements of that structure, presented them in a systematic way 46 and showed that they reflect a well-founded tradition, whose elements would be essentially those of the last Matthean and Lucan beatitude: A — blessed are you (makarioi ...) ¥ B — When men will revile you ... (otan oneid¥swsin ktl ...) ™ ß ı C — rejoice ... (xaırete ...) ¥ D — because your reward ... (oti o misuov ...) ™Ω ¥ Leaving aside the final mention of the prophets, the logion’s four constitutive elements are: the makarism, the situation that causes suffering, the invitation to be joyful and the call to consider the future reward. Nauck had studied practically all the passages previously mentioned by Selwyn, except Act 14,22 (“we must through much tribulation enter into the kingdom of God”) and Phil 1,29 (“For unto you it is given on behalf of Christ, not only to believe in him, but also to suffer for his sake”). He catches a glimpse of an original common pattern, an Urform, whose development corresponds to a similar structure in some NT passages 47. The small variations among them reflect oral tradition, Dupont also says, adding that the last beatitude’s main words would be embedded in a wide context of parenetical enunciations around the same topic 48. Early Christianity goes back often to the idea of tribulation and suffering, looking at them as an opportunity to rejoice, while the mind is thinking of the reward. Nauck’s analysis shows 1 Pet 4,13-14 as a paradigmatic text which contains the same elements as the last Matthean and Lucan beatitude, but in a different order (C, D, B, A). In a wider context the same four topics are present in Jas 1,2.12 Cf. SELWYN, First Peter 127. 45 Cf. W. NAUCK, “Freude im Leiden”, ZNW 46 (1955) 68-80. 46 “ Dass der Grundstock dieser Tradition sehr alt ist und dass die 47 Variabilität nur durch mündliche Überlieferung zu erklären ist”. NAUCK, Freude, 73. Cf. DUPONT, Béatitudes II, 341. 48